Nepal Clause Samples
Nepal. The Nepal Telecommunications Authority ("NTA") published this Request for Application ("RFA") in January 2020 to invite existing Internet Service Provider ("ISP") licensees to apply for the opportunity to install, activate and operate a broadband connectivity network using (mainly) optical fiber cable in five districts in Nepal. This construction agreement reflects Nepal’s position as a developing country in the earlier stages of market liberalization, with limited historical private sector participation in the telecommunications sector. The RFA is relatively prescriptive, setting out the districts and premises that must be serviced and specifying minimum quality, service and technical standards. However, within these constraints, responsibility for planning and designing the network lies with the private sector. This PPP is therefore an example of how a government may retain significant control over projects, while recognizing and leveraging private sector technology and expertise. As part of the application process, applicants will nominate a subsidy amount to be provided by the NTA to establish the network. The contract will be awarded to the applicant with the lowest nominated subsidy (“Selected Licensed Operator”, or “SLO”), provided that the applicant is qualified to perform the contract satisfactorily. The NTA estimated that the subsidy cost would be in the region of 928 million Nepalese rupees. Applicants must include a technical proposal with a detailed description of its network, equipment and technology, approach to operating the network, land acquisition requirements, quality and maintenance arrangements, proposed tariff arrangements beyond the subsidy period, projected financials, and work schedule. Applicants must also provide bid security (in the form of a bank guarantee or cash deposit). Key features of the project include: Key features of the proposed SLO contract include: The Framework Agreement is part of Building Digital UK’s (“BDUK”) Broadband Delivery Framework (“Framework”). Under the Framework, the UK Government subsidizes private sector investment to provide broadband to areas where there is otherwise not a viable commercial market. It uses a gap-fund subsidy commercial model, where Government funding subsidizes capital costs, but the supplier bears the risk of implementing, owning and operating the network and therefore the risk of ensuring its commercial success. It is expected that customer revenue will cover operating and maint...
Nepal. “The Government of Nepal does not consider itself bound to make any financial contribution towards such expenses made under Article 4 of this Agreement.”
Nepal. Nakarmi A.M. (2010). Modelling for Energy Planning and Policy Analysis in Nepal. SJM School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India. PhD Thesis. 5 Nakarmi A.M. (2010). Modelling for Energy Planning and Policy Analysis for Nepal. SJM School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India. Center for Studies, Institute of Engineering Tribhuwan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. Proceedings of the ETSAP workshop, New Delhi (India), January 18-23, 2010. 1 Shree Raj Shakya, Ram M. Shrestha. Transport sector electrification in a hydropower resource rich developing country: Energy security, environmental and climate change co-benefits. Energy for Sustainable Development 15, No 2, (2011) 147-159 3 Ram M. Shrestha, Shree Raj Shakya. Benefits of low carbon development in a developing country: Case of Nepal Energy Economics 34, Supplement 3, (2012) S503-S512 3 Espegren, K.A. (2010). Regional modelling in Norway Focusing on transportation sector. Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Norway. Proceedings of the ETSAP workshop, New Delhi (India), January 18-23, 2010. 1 Espegren K.A. Rosenberg E. (2009). Regional System Analysis of Introduction of Hydrogen in Norway. Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Norway. Proceedings of the International Energy Workshop (IEW), Venice (Italy), June 17-19, 2009. 1 Fidje A. Rosenberg E. Espegren K.A. (2008). Criteria for introduction of hydrogen in Norway-a modeling approach using MARKAL and infrastructure models. Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Norway. Proceedings of the International Energy Workshop (IEW), Paris (France), June 30 - July 2, 2008. 1 Rosenberg E. Fidje A. Espegren K.A. Stiller C. Svensson A.M. Møller-Holst S. (2010). Market penetration analysis of hydrogen vehicles in Norwegian passenger transport towards 2050. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35: 7267-7279. 3 Stiller C. Bunger U. Møller-Holst S. Svensson A.M. Espegren K. A. Nowak M. (2010). Pathways to a hydrogen fuel infrastructure in Norway. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35: 2597 – 2601. 3 Seljom P. Rosenberg E. Fidje A. Haugen J.E. Meir M. Rekstad J. Jarlseth T. (2011). Modelling the effects of climate change on the energy system—A case study of Norway. Energy Policy 39 (11) : 7310-7321. 3
Nepal. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Nepal. Since the late seventies, the government of Nepal has been supporting community based forest management models and outlining several laws and policies to support these. The Forest Act of 1993 is the main law that handed over national forests to local user groups (CFUGs) for protection, management, and utilization of forests. The District Forest Office (DFO) approves the CFUGs operational plan (OP) and once registered they act as self-governing entities and they can produce, utilize, and sell forest products as outlined in the OP. Today, about 25% of all national forests are management by over 14,000 CFUGs. Although community forestry is mainly hailed as a success story, there have been criticisms that CFUGS often exclude marginalized and disadvantaged groups from participation and the traditionally power structures prevail within the groups. Leasehold forestry is another provision where poor rural households can apply with the government to get access to degraded land, which they then can manage for improved livelihoods and ecosystem restauration. However, there is no legal mechanism to form leasehold forest groups as there is for CFUGs and institution and capacity building of leasehold members is important because the poorest groups often lack capacity. In 2000, the Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation (MoFSC) government formulated a policy for another model on Collaborative Forest Management (CFM), which is a new approach of managing national forests collaboratively with the district and local government and local communities, including distant users. It is mainly being tried out in the Terai region and the idea is that there is a benefit sharing mechanism between government and forest users. However, the mechanism of benefit sharing is not always clear, the district government often dominates decision making, and there is a challenge of set up proper mechanisms for distant user and disadvantaged groups’ participation. The Department of Soil conservation and Watershed Management (DSCWM) has been promoting User Groups Based Watershed Management to mitigate land degradation problems stemming from deforestation in the hills. However, there is no legislation to recognize watershed user groups, and they mainly function as NGOs. Since watershed management involves all natural resource management activities, like forestry, agriculture, pasture and livestock, the coordination of the different line agencies is a challenge. The LSC is the structure that has be...
Nepal. In Nepal, a cluster-randomized controlled trial of mother support groups was undertaken in Makwanpur, a central district of Nepal. The intervention areas were randomized amongst the 42 geopolitical borders within the district (Manandhar, 2004). Pregnant and postpartum mothers were included in the MtMSGs. The intervention was primarily concerned with neonatal deaths and topics ranged on a variety of issues, not just IYCF. The intervention clusters, which received information via mother support groups, did not have a significant increase in early initiation; nevertheless, the mother support groups did, however, improve the neonatal mortality rate by 30% (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2004). The study noted that the intervention ‘seemed to be acceptable’ due to 95% of the groups continuing to run without financial support or reimbursement of the opportunity costs (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2004). While such a high retention rate is impressive, understanding the true beliefs and feelings of acceptability of community members is very important. For instance, there may be other benefits or reasons for high retention rates that could be maximized by programmers. Qualitative research would allow for a study to truly understand why these retention rates are so high and what exactly the thoughts of community members are about MtMSGs.
Nepal. In Nepal, DFE and its partner WCN have conducted activities in over 50 districts, with a central focus on the Kathmandu valley, Rasuwa and Chitwan districts. DFE and its other partner in Nepal, Samaj Utthan Yuwa ▇▇▇▇▇▇ (SUYUK), as part of the Life School Centre (LSC), work in the Dhanusha district in the southern lowlands of Nepal along the watershed of the Jalaidh river. Nepal is located in South Asia. The estimated population is 30,986,975 million and the area is 141,181 km² (about three times the size of Denmark). Administratively, Nepal is divided into 5 development regions, 75 districts and 3915 Village Development Committees, which are the smallest unit of local government. Nepal boasts great ethnic and tribal diversity and a complex cultural heritage, where the caste system prevails. Unfortunately, a large proportion of the population suffers from discrimination through social, political, and economic exclusion. Some of the groups most affected are the Dalits (untouchables), women and girls. The country suffers from corruption and political instability. Since the dissolution of the monarchy in 2008, the country has been governed by various caretaker governments who have not managed to write the country’s new democratic constitution. Nepal ranks 145 on UNDP’s 2013 HDI, putting it in the low human development category. 84% of people live in rural areas and agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing more than 70% of the population with a livelihood and accounting for 39% of the GDP. Rural poverty is around 35%. Forests are particularly important for the rural communities as they are the primary source of fuel wood for household energy needs and construction material. They also provide fodder for animals and non-timber forest products, as alternative livelihood options. In view of Nepal's diverse geography, the strategy of our environmental education projects in the past has been to use a mobile nature bus4 to reach all three geographic areas of Nepal. The first area, the Terai, the fertile lowlands in the south, densely populated, but also the habitat for endangered wildlife such as rhinos and tigers. The mid-hills, which have been subject to an increasing number of environmental disasters due to deforestation and intensive farming. The third region are the mountains in the north, which have rugged and difficult topographic as well as environmental conditions. One core topic is that the behavior of the population in the hills to a very high ...
Nepal. Our partners WCN have had a special focus on working with CFUGs around national parks in Chitwan and Rasuwa with a specific focus on awareness raising on climate change adaptation and mitigation, income generating activities through NTFP production and introduction of improved cook stoves, as well as resolving conflicts between people and wild animals, who live in close proximity5. These are the same project areas/districts where they have most focused their IEE outreach activities, including the development of two local curricula on the environment. Here we also used children’s theater to raise awareness about the benefits of improved cook stoves. In addition, WCN has done IEE outreach activities focused on watershed management in the project area where we are implementing our LSC project, thus creating synergy between the partners and the two components. Our work in Vietnam on association building and education are directly linked. We have partnered with a university, where we train the trainers and extension workers that in turn pass on the knowledge to the farmers from the farm forestry networks, through the farmer field school approach. The idea is that an advisory center at our partner university can provide future technical support to field facilitators, farm forestry groups, and farm forestry networks and strengthening this capacity to having a demand driven approach to their educational offers is part of the program goal, as well as spreading the farm forestry trainings to other universities.
Nepal. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Revenue Potential Minimum Commitment xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx Either a Minimum Commitment or an Exclusivity Threshold or both will be proposed for each country. Years 6-10: Sales to increase by not less than 20% of prior year minimum commitment until annual sales for the country reach xxxx Singapore Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Revenue Potential Minimum Commitment xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx Either a Minimum Commitment or an Exclusivity Threshold or both will be proposed for each country. Years 6-10: Sales to increase by not less than 20% of prior year minimum commitment until annual sales for the country reach xxxx ________________________ Confidential treatment has been requested for portions of this agreement. This agreement omits the information subject to the confidential treatment request. Omissions are designated as “xxxx”. A complete version of this agreement has been submitted separately to the Securities and Exchange Commission. ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Revenue Potential Minimum Commitment xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx Either a Minimum Commitment or an Exclusivity Threshold or both will be proposed for each country. Years 6-10: Sales to increase by not less than 20% of prior year minimum commitment until annual sales for the country reach xxxx Thailand Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Revenue Potential Minimum Commitment xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx Either a Minimum Commitment or an Exclusivity Threshold or both will be proposed for each country. Years 6-10: Sales to increase by not less than 20% of prior year minimum commitment until annual sales for the country reach xxxx ________________________ Confidential treatment has been requested for portions of this agreement. This agreement omits the information subject to the confidential treatment request. Omissions are designated as “xxxx”. A complete version of this agreement has been submitted separately to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Appendix b: Amortization Chart for payment by SenesTech of Certification and Related Costs to NeoVenta The Amortization period and the amount to be credited towards purchases by NeoVenta will be a factor of Product certification cost and the validity period of the certificate obtained. This can be explained by following possible scenarios –
Nepal. Name of agreement with web link Sensitive product Eligible Procedure and list product guidelines to avail tariff list for concession against tariff agreement concessio n India Nepal SAARC Preferential Trading The details of the agreement ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇ Agreement (SAPTA) – are available. However, the /CP/?opt=ft-procedures ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/wp- required specifics of tariff and content/uploads/2020/09/Agreement concession list are not ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/ _SAARC_SAPTA.pdf available in the provided link. Agreement on South Asia Free The details of the agreement ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇ Trade Area (SAFTA): and India’s Sensitive List to /CP/?opt=ft-procedures ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/wp- LDCs and Non-LDCs are and content/uploads/2020/05/safta.pdf given. However, the details on ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/ the list offered by the SAFTA members are not available in the provided link. Name of agreement with web link Sensitive product list Eligible product list for tariff concession Procedure and guidelines to avail tariff concession against India Laos agreement India – ASEAN Trade Agreement ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ .▇▇▇.▇▇/▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ nal-trade/trade- agreements/india -asean- agreements/ Refer Category: EL in the list ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇ n/wp- content/uploads/2020/ 06/India_schedule_to_ ASEAN_CLMV.pdf Refer Category: EL in the list ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ .▇▇▇.▇▇/▇▇- content/uploads/ 2020/06/Laos- schedule.pdf ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ .▇▇▇.▇▇/▇▇- content/uploads/ 2020/06/Laos- schedule.pdf ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇ .▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/ htdocs- cbec/custom s/cs- act/formatte d- htmls/agmt- asean Asia Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA): ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ .▇▇▇.▇▇/▇▇- content/uploads/ 2020/05/bangkok _agreement.pdf (The provided link does not contain the information) ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇ n/wp- content/uploads/2020/ 05/bangkok_agreemen t.pdf (The provided link does not contain the information) ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ .▇▇▇.▇▇/▇▇- content/uploads/ 2020/05/bangko k_agreement.pdf (The provided link does not contain the information) ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ .▇▇▇.▇▇/▇▇- content/uploads/ 2020/05/bangko k_agreement.pdf ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇ .▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/ CP/?opt=ft- procedures and ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇ ▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/