Recommendations for Future Research. Although our intervention was effective, there are always improvements we could make. One improvement that could be made is making sure that the groups were more homogeneous. The ability level of the students was more variant then we would have liked. While they all had similar gaps some students were better decoders than others, and that made it difficult to increase the accuracy of those students that needed it. Also along those lines, it would be better to do multiple groups and use the whole class. Our focus was ELL students who live in poverty which encompasses most of the students in the intervention experts class. However, this intervention would be beneficial for all students, not just ELL students. Since there were limited number of weeks we chose to do a small sample size of the class, but this limited our options for grouping appropriately and getting more accurate data for the effectiveness of the intervention. This intervention is something that all students would benefit from especially when it comes to reading with prosody. By using the whole class and grouping students more appropriately, the intervention would be more effective, and students would benefit from the process and gain confidence in their literacy skills. In further studies, it would be very beneficial to teach students about how to perform in front of other students. Students in first grade do not get a lot of experience with standing up and speaking in front of the class presenting something. Many students were nervous and spoke in a lower voice. They held their script in front of their face, and they stuttered over their words even though they were able to read accurately and with prosody with their partners throughout the week. Although the intervention expert tried to correct some of these issues during the intervention process, there was not enough time to model and completely support the students with their performance readings. The performance adds a different element to the repeated readings and asks students to get out of their comfort zone, with more time performing the students would do better and become more comfortable with the process, and some of these problems would eliminate themselves. Another recommendation for future research would be to add a question to the survey about Reader’s Theater. The point of the reading survey was to determine students’ motivation and understanding of reading and while there was important information about the participant’s engag...
Recommendations for Future Research. This study included a limited sample of young female faculties in Kazakhstan. I recommend using maximum variation sampling in order to include different age groups, ethnicities, and marital statuses that will allow exploring additional factors that influence workplace relationships between different generations. The sampling for this study was not diverse enough to present a variety of factors that influence workplace relationships of young female faculties. It will also be beneficial to increase the number of participants, including other cities than Nur-Sultan, and analyze using quantitative methods, when the sample size is big enough. I would suggest not including Nazarbayev University as a part of the sample because it is a different educational institution, which is unique in its workplace relationships. A longitudinal study may work better for an in-depth investigation. Young female faculties may be interviewed over a long period to analyze the change in their viewpoints. Over time, they may show different workplace relationships with supervisors. Future research can study transformation in values of young female faculty for workplace relationships in Kazakhstan. This topic is not developed in the literature. However, some participants shared that they believe only their achievements will help them to advance in their careers, despite their age or gender. It means, there is a transformation in values of the society, where knowledge is valued first. This study focused only on perceptions of young female faculty, but their supervisors’ opinion should also be investigated to understand the topic. References Xxxxxxx, X., & Xxxxxxxx, B. (2017). Developing schemas for assessing social competences among unskilled young people. International journal for research in vocational education and training, 4(1), 47-67. Xxxxx, Xxxx. (1990). Hierarchies, jobs, and bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender & Society, 4, 58-139. Xxxxx, X. (2006). Inequality regimes: gender, class, and race in organizations. Gender & Society, 20(4), 441-464. Xxxxx, X. (2017). The sage encyclopedia of communication research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Xxxxxxxxxxxx, X. (1997). Postgraduate women talk about family and career: the discursive reproduction of gender difference. Feminism & Psychology, 7(3), 321-327. Xxxxxxxx, X. (2013). Age, gender, and work in the new economy. In Xxxxx Xxx XxXxxxxx (Ed), Age, gender, and work: small information technology firms in ...
Recommendations for Future Research. The results of this study primarily provide background data among pregnant women in Thailand as well as a brief overview of a pattern of lead, cadmium as well as cotinine. However, the low levels of these biomarkers do not mean the pregnant women are safe. We would suggest conducting further studies both epidemiological studies and methodology research. Since biomonitoring data by itself could not inform us about risk factors or health outcomes, further epidemiological studies will be required to identify risk factors including potential route and source of exposure as well as to explore the association with adverse pregnancy outcomes at individual levels. Moreover, we also need research focused on method development. For instance, varieties of pooling strategies such as pooling samples from specimen banking would be beneficial in allowing study design for newly emerging toxicants as well as a pooled- unpooled technique, which is an approach that individual specimens are randomly sampled and analyzed; then the analyzed samples will be pooled and reanalyzed. This approach may capture the strengths of statistical properties but it requires intensive resources (Xxx X. Xxxxxxxxx et al., 2014; Xxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, & Xxxxxxx, 2010).
Recommendations for Future Research. The field of CAM research among HIV-positive populations is still in its nascent stages. However, given the increasing popularity of CAM use among this population, it is imperative that the assessment of CAM be rigorous and thorough so that HIV healthcare providers can be adequately informed about their patients’ CAM-related behaviors, knowledge and beliefs. More educated providers will ultimately provide better quality of care for the patients. The first step in this process requires CAM researchers to be more thoughtful in our development and implementation of CAM instruments. Most studies administer a “one size fits all” CAM measure typically consisting of simplistic questions (e.g., “Have you ever used any of the following types of CAM?”) followed by a laundry list of all possible CAM modalities, in spite of the fact that prior literature suggests that the CAM therapies used by study participants often vary by race/ethnicity and stage of disease. For example, while some modalities are considered CAM by most users (e.g., acupuncture), many other modalities are used primarily by only one ethnic group (e.g., the use of green tea and soy products by Asian-Americans, the use of a Curandero by Latinos, and the use of prayer or garlic by African-Americans, to name but a few)37-40. Other evidence indicates that individuals who report more clinic visits, have lower Helper T-Cell levels and higher HIV viral load may be more likely to use different types of CAM or use CAM more frequently compared to their healthier counterparts15, 41, 42. Yet, most studies with HIV-positive populations fail to administer CAM instruments that reflect an understanding of this diversity in CAM use by race/ethnicity or stage of disease. To accurately assess CAM utilization the questions asked must be tailored to the specific study population. The second step towards more rigorous CAM measurement involves more thorough assessment of this complex phenomenon in three ways. One, because of the inherently subjective nature of CAM24, questions must assess participants’ intentions with respect to their CAM use. For example, green tea may be listed on an instrument as a possible CAM therapy. Two participants may indicate that they drink green tea regularly; however, one does so because she believes it is anticarcinogenic while the other simply likes the taste. The former participant is using CAM, the latter is not. Failure to include an assessment of intention in CAM-related questions may re...
Recommendations for Future Research. Future research projects should focus on determining the cause of the issues in reporting with hospitals that have Level III nurseries and NICUs, utilizing similar methodology employed in the Iyengar et al. (2014) article. Potential causes would be that the hospitals are completing the screenings but the results are not being reported to the GA DPH by means of the NBS Card, or the hospitals are not completing the screenings at all. One way to determine whether screenings were occurring or not would be a study that focused on abstracting medical records for NICUs and hospitals with Level III nurseries. The medical records would be randomly sampled based on the DPH data records of infants that do not have reported data for the CCHD screening and hearing tests. Evidence that this would be an effective method for determining if screening occurs through the provider survey. Eight hospitals indicated that the hospital used another method for reporting results of the screenings. Most of these hospitals indicated a process of inputting the data into the electronic medical record, though an electronic submission system only pertains to three hospitals in Georgia. A future study should utilize this information to determine if hospitals are completing the screenings. Based off the findings of this future study the GA DPH could develop two different approaches to address the issue. If hospitals with Level III nurseries and NICUs are not completing the screenings the GA DPH should develop materials to help better integrate the screenings into the hospitals’ current newborn screening procedures. However, if the results of the proposed study indicate that the screenings are occurring, but the results are not being reported to the GA DPH, then alterations to the current reporting system should be taken into consideration. Alterations to the reporting system may be most effective for NICUs since the screenings may occur at a later time period than what is intended by the current NBS Card.
Recommendations for Future Research. Photovoice can definitely be used as a powerful tool for qualitative research. This study used a combination of cameras with focus groups, however, it would really add to the methodology if one-on-one key interviews are incorporated into it. While conducting the focus groups it was evident that the mothers were not comfortable expressing themselves and were not particularly vocal. This could most likely be attributed to a culture of diffidence prevalent in the women of the region. On the other hand, after doing home visits and training the women one-on-one with the cameras made them more comfortable and increased interaction. It was evident that the women were more comfortable interacting one-on-one with the researcher than in large groups especially since the researcher was a female. A stronger strategy to boost participation could also be to involve family members i.e. husbands and in-laws into nutritional interventions rather than solely targeting the mother. Since issues of women empowerment are so intricately linked to maternal and child nutrition, there could not be a more effective strategy than targeting the structures that so frequently bind her aspirations and capabilities, which in most cases are her own family members and community. In context of the MMP program, it is important to evaluate the extent of coverage by front-line workers in dissemination of the powder as well as providing the beneficiaries with correct instructions about usage. There is need for an increased focus on counselling provided to the mothers on proper use of MMP and addressing challenges they facing such as ‘child not eating the powder’ and other concerns such as the food taking on a reddish hue on adding the powder. Furthermore, perceptions about MMP use such as it being a medicine need to be evaluated for their effect on compliance with the product.
Recommendations for Future Research. Although the current research revealed the benefits of mentoring for enhancement of teacher professional growth and the challenges that educators face while performing their roles as mentors, some limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed here. Firstly, this a small-scale study which was conducted in two schools with a small number of participants. It is recommended to have similar study with a larger sample covering large number of schools so the results obtained could be generalized to all Kazakhstani schools. A larger sample size would be more representative of the population of mainstream schools in the study area. Engaging more schools in the study will be essential for widening the range of data and forming a clearer picture for the mentoring programs in Kazakhstan. There is also a need to further investigate the efficiency of the peer and mentor teachers as trainers since this study majorly focused on professional development. Mentor efficiency is key in determining the success or failure of mentorship. References Xxxxxxxxxx, X. (2014). Are you ready to be a mentor? Preparing teachers for mentoring pre- service teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39(6), 3. Xxxxxxxx, X. X., & Xxxxxxx, A. L. (1988). Toward a conceptualization of mentoring. Journal of Teacher education, 39(1), 38-42. Xxx, X., Xxxxxx, X., Xxxxxxxx, X., & Xxxxxx, D. (2013). Introduction to research in education. Cengage Learning. Xxxxxx, X. X., & Xxxxxx, X. X. (1999). Making the best of a learning experience. Techniques, 71(5). Xxxxxxx, X., Xxxxxx, X., & Xxxxx, M. (2010). How to Research: Maidenhead. Xxxxxx, X. X. (2000). Halting teacher turnover remains challenge at MPS. JS Online. Xxxxxxx, X., Xxxxxxxxx, X., Xxxxxx, X., Xxxxx, X., Xxxxxxxx, X., & Xxxxxxx, P. (Eds.). (2012). School effectiveness and improvement research, policy and practice: Challenging the orthodoxy?. Routledge. Xxxx, X. (2012). Examining the Mentoring Experience of Teachers. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 7(1), n1.
Recommendations for Future Research. This research reveals multiple pathways for future research. Firstly, increasing the population to encompass several states of Medicaid beneficiaries with CHD may provide more accurate and nuanced findings on mental health in the perinatal period. This may also allow for more variation in the population’s race/ethnicity makeup, elucidating disparities often found in the literature. Secondly, future studies should examine multiple treatment modalities including pharmacotherapy and psychiatric hospitalizations. Including these measures may more fully encapsulate this population’s interaction with the mental health care system, outside of solely psychotherapy utilization. It will be important to include data on the use of prescription drugs in future studies, as it will be useful in assessing if prescription drugs truly act as a substitute good for psychotherapy for PMD among Medicaid beneficiaries diagnosed with CHD. Although this data was not available in the current study, it can be found in the CMS MAX Prescription Drug file. Research, especially in the state of Georgia, should also include the measure of tele- psychiatric capabilities as a part of the concept of access. Importantly, in the light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the Georgia Department of Community Health Services has waived certain limitations of telehealth for Medicaid populations in Georgia. (DCH, 2020) Future studies should look at the overall use of telepsychiatry for PMD and the changes in rural and urban mental health service utilization disparities within the presumably more robust telehealth system post-pandemic. Moving forward it will also be important to include qualitative analysis of this issue. This type of analysis may elucidate specific types of stigma experienced by CHD patients living in rural areas, allowing more nuanced understanding of how to structure services for this population during not only the perinatal period, but throughout life. This qualitative research should be extended to understand the possible disparities in pre-conception counseling across urban and rural populations with CHD. Finally, though this study was unable to measure severity of CHD, it may be important to look at the correlations between CHD severity and mental health diagnosis severity. Emerging findings would lend support for more targeted treatment plans for this heterogeneous at risk population.
Recommendations for Future Research. A qualitative research study would be useful to determine what happen to the stop outs and University withdrawals. There are many questions that still need to be answered. Did factors of academic difficulty, social connectedness, faculty, advisement, or overall customer service have any bearing on retention? What were the problems dealing with personal issues as moving, financial, or other life event? Was online learning a good fit with some students? Was course rigor a factor? The university and many other universities in the UNC system has moved to a degree pathway program where students can go to the Transfer and Advisement, Admissions, or Academic department website to locate community college/university equivalency curriculum guides. Transfer students can locate the guides and self-advise. There are definite advantages and disadvantages to self-advisement. Self-advisement through published degree plans eliminates additional work for transfer advisors. Transfer students will usually complete their associate’s degree before transferring and follow the university degree plan. The disadvantage to self-advisement is that the degree pathway will still leave some questions unanswered. Transfer students will have questions and individual situations beyond knowing what will transfer. Further research should be conducted to compare articulation agreements to degree pathways to determine if there is any significant outcome on transfer, retention, and graduation. In addition the researcher has suggested the following recommendations to improve student success and persistence.
Recommendations for Future Research. While the data collected in this survey provided a wealth of information about incoming HBCU male students, additional questions could be added to broaden the depth of data collected. Future data collection may be improved with the inclusion of general demographic and sexual behavior questions. For instance, previous research indicates that students report varying levels of condom use depending on sexual acts (e.g. oral, vagina, or anal) (Buhi et al., 2010). The existing survey did not distinguish between condom use for oral, vaginal, and anal sex, and only assessed condom use at last sex in general. Furthermore, previous studies have found that though condoms were used at last sex, condom use is not always consistent so assessment of condom use frequency may also be warranted (Xxxxxx et al., 2014a). The survey could also be improved by collecting information on history of STI testing, as well as previous experience with STI acquisition. High-risk sexual behaviors tend to increase during college as students have more freedom and may engage in other predictors of high-risk sexual behavior, such as drug or alcohol use (Hou, 2009; Xxx & Xxxxxxxxx, 2013). Furthermore, the literature identifies that high-risk and protective behaviors tend to evolve as emerging adults age. For example, younger emerging adults (e.g. 18-to-20 year olds) are more likely to have multiple partners but also use condoms more consistently, whereas older emerging adults (e.g. 21-to-24 year olds) are more likely to be monogamous, yet less likely to consistently use condoms (Hou, 2009; Sly et al., 2011; Washington et al., 2010). A longitudinal, repeated measures test design would allow for comparisons of high-risk and protective behavior indicators within-groups at different time points across the collegiate experience, as well as to make in-between group comparisons to assess differences among younger and older emerging adults. This data could elucidate emerging risk behaviors, protective behaviors, and evolving needs of students to inform student health services and important sexual health intervention topics. Future quantitative and qualitative studies could also assess HBCU-specific barriers to student health access and condom use, including religiosity, fears, and myths or misconceptions about student health and available sexual health resources. Furthermore, once students decide to use student health services, future studies could assess maintenance of healthy sexual health practices...
