Recommendations for Future Research Clause Samples

Recommendations for Future Research. While the data collected in this survey provided a wealth of information about incoming HBCU male students, additional questions could be added to broaden the depth of data collected. Future data collection may be improved with the inclusion of general demographic and sexual behavior questions. For instance, previous research indicates that students report varying levels of condom use depending on sexual acts (e.g. oral, vagina, or anal) (Buhi et al., 2010). The existing survey did not distinguish between condom use for oral, vaginal, and anal sex, and only assessed condom use at last sex in general. Furthermore, previous studies have found that though condoms were used at last sex, condom use is not always consistent so assessment of condom use frequency may also be warranted (▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2014a). The survey could also be improved by collecting information on history of STI testing, as well as previous experience with STI acquisition. High-risk sexual behaviors tend to increase during college as students have more freedom and may engage in other predictors of high-risk sexual behavior, such as drug or alcohol use (Hou, 2009; ▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2013). Furthermore, the literature identifies that high-risk and protective behaviors tend to evolve as emerging adults age. For example, younger emerging adults (e.g. 18-to-20 year olds) are more likely to have multiple partners but also use condoms more consistently, whereas older emerging adults (e.g. 21-to-24 year olds) are more likely to be monogamous, yet less likely to consistently use condoms (Hou, 2009; Sly et al., 2011; Washington et al., 2010). A longitudinal, repeated measures test design would allow for comparisons of high-risk and protective behavior indicators within-groups at different time points across the collegiate experience, as well as to make in-between group comparisons to assess differences among younger and older emerging adults. This data could elucidate emerging risk behaviors, protective behaviors, and evolving needs of students to inform student health services and important sexual health intervention topics. Future quantitative and qualitative studies could also assess HBCU-specific barriers to student health access and condom use, including religiosity, fears, and myths or misconceptions about student health and available sexual health resources. Furthermore, once students decide to use student health services, future studies could assess maintenance of healthy sexual health practices...

Recommendations for Future Research. Although our intervention was effective, there are always improvements we could make. One improvement that could be made is making sure that the groups were more homogeneous. The ability level of the students was more variant then we would have liked. While they all had similar gaps some students were better decoders than others, and that made it difficult to increase the accuracy of those students that needed it. Also along those lines, it would be better to do multiple groups and use the whole class. Our focus was ELL students who live in poverty which encompasses most of the students in the intervention experts class. However, this intervention would be beneficial for all students, not just ELL students. Since there were limited number of weeks we chose to do a small sample size of the class, but this limited our options for grouping appropriately and getting more accurate data for the effectiveness of the intervention. This intervention is something that all students would benefit from especially when it comes to reading with prosody. By using the whole class and grouping students more appropriately, the intervention would be more effective, and students would benefit from the process and gain confidence in their literacy skills. In further studies, it would be very beneficial to teach students about how to perform in front of other students. Students in first grade do not get a lot of experience with standing up and speaking in front of the class presenting something. Many students were nervous and spoke in a lower voice. They held their script in front of their face, and they stuttered over their words even though they were able to read accurately and with prosody with their partners throughout the week. Although the intervention expert tried to correct some of these issues during the intervention process, there was not enough time to model and completely support the students with their performance readings. The performance adds a different element to the repeated readings and asks students to get out of their comfort zone, with more time performing the students would do better and become more comfortable with the process, and some of these problems would eliminate themselves. Another recommendation for future research would be to add a question to the survey about Reader’s Theater. The point of the reading survey was to determine students’ motivation and understanding of reading and while there was important information about the participant’s engag...

Recommendations for Future Research. This dissertation provides the theoretical model of a FC contract with two-way penalties for the members in the supply chain. Some extensions of the proposed contract model can be considered in future research. First, we assume that both the supplier and the retailers have the same knowledge of the demand, and the retailers receive perfect demand information before the selling season. Hence, asymmetric information environment where the supplier does not know demand information or the situations where the retailers do not have perfect demand information could be considered. Second, we assume that the retailers are independent and not compete with each other. In reality, there may exist competitions among the retailers when they locate in the same geographical area. Therefore, the situation where the retailers are competing with each other, and hence, their demands are correlated, should be considered. Finally, in the situation that the supplier‟s capacity is limited, the use of spot market to partially fulfill the retailers‟ demands can be taken into consideration. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, C., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇.▇. and ▇▇▇▇▇▇, S. (2015) „A contract for coordinating capacity decisions in a business- to- business (B2B) supply chain‟, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 165, No.1, pp. 158-171. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇.▇. (2008) „Supply chain coordination: Perspectives, empirical studies and research directions‟, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 115, No. 2, pp. 316-335. ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. and ▇▇, S.D. (2013) „Characterization of demand for short life-cycle technology products‟, Annals of Operations Research, Vol. 203, No. 1, pp. 255-277. ▇▇▇▇▇▇ – ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, D., ▇▇▇▇▇▇, Y. and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, R. (2002) „Coordination and flexibility in supply contracts with options‟, Manufacturing and Service Operations Management, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 171- 207. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. (1997) „Analysis of supply contracts with total minimum commitment‟, IIE Transactions, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 373-381. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. (2002) „HP cuts risks with portfolio approach‟, Purchasing, pp.43-45. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇.▇. (2003) „Supply chain coordination with contracts‟ In: ▇▇ ▇▇▇, ▇.▇. and ▇▇▇▇▇▇ S.C. (Eds), Handbooks in OR & MS, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 11, pp. 229-339. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇.▇. and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, M. (1999a) „An equilibrium analysis of linear, proportional and uniform allocation of scare cacpacity‟, IIE Transaction, Vol. 31, No.9, pp. 835-849. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇.▇. and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, M. (1999b) „Capacit...

Recommendations for Future Research. Although the current research revealed the benefits of mentoring for enhancement of teacher professional growth and the challenges that educators face while performing their roles as mentors, some limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed here. Firstly, this a small-scale study which was conducted in two schools with a small number of participants. It is recommended to have similar study with a larger sample covering large number of schools so the results obtained could be generalized to all Kazakhstani schools. A larger sample size would be more representative of the population of mainstream schools in the study area. Engaging more schools in the study will be essential for widening the range of data and forming a clearer picture for the mentoring programs in Kazakhstan. There is also a need to further investigate the efficiency of the peer and mentor teachers as trainers since this study majorly focused on professional development. Mentor efficiency is key in determining the success or failure of mentorship. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. (2014). Are you ready to be a mentor? Preparing teachers for mentoring pre- service teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39(6), 3. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇., & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, A. L. (1988). Toward a conceptualization of mentoring. ▇▇▇, ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., & ▇▇▇▇▇▇, D. (2013). Introduction to research in education. Cengage Learning. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇., & ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇. (1999). Making the best of a learning experience. Techniques, 71(5). ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., & ▇▇▇▇▇, M. (2010). How to Research: Maidenhead. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇. (2000). Halting teacher turnover remains challenge at MPS. JS Online. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, P. (Eds.). (2012). School effectiveness and improvement research, policy and practice: Challenging the orthodoxy?. Routledge. ▇▇▇▇, ▇. (2012). Examining the Mentoring Experience of Teachers. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 7(1), n1.

Recommendations for Future Research. Based on study findings, future research may benefit from understanding the decision- making processes on income allocation among parents and caretakers. Although this study found child education was a growing priority, it may be worthwhile to assess whether increased emphasis on nutrition education for school-aged children will influence food purchasing behavior and income allocation in future studies. In addition, convenience emerged as a driving factor behind changing food choice among mothers and caregivers. It may be worthwhile to pursue understanding whether perceived shifts in gender norms are increasing female empowerment on food-related behavior, or merely increasing female burden by adding the expectation of working outside of the home to responsibilities inside the home. Finally, participants mentioned how various agroecological and sociocultural drivers were decreasing consumption of cow blood. Among pastoralists, ASF have decreased over the past several decades while malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies remain high (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2019). While experts agree that ASF may be vital for improved dietary quality, micronutrient intake, and nutrient status among pastoralists, the correct response becomes far more nuanced for communities stuck in mid-transition between a traditional and Westernized diet (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2019). Future research may benefit from examining the sociocultural and nutritional effects of changing cow blood consumption among pastoralists living in the Nutrition Transition. Appendix Changes in Food Practices: Changes in Food Norms: Child School and Education Changes in Food Values: Religious Influence Food Affordability Food Availability Food Convenience Food Desirability Figure 1: Conceptual framework of the Nutrition Transition’s effects on changing food, diet, and food culture. References ▇▇▇▇, ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, M. (2018). Household Food Insecurity, Underweight Status, and Associated Characteristics among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Assayita District, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. doi:▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇/10.1155/2018/7659204

Recommendations for Future Research. We recommend further studies to quantify and determine to what extent the understanding that unintended pregnancies are out of wedlock pregnancies and that all pregnancies within marriage are intended has direct effect on contraceptive practice. The effect of these beliefs on couples’ responses to survey that quantify unintended pregnancies also warrants further studies because we were not able to investigate whether the women’s meaning of unintended pregnancies would affect how they respond to survey questionnaires on pregnancy intention. We also recommend development of measures of unintended pregnancies that would take into consideration these context specific issues to minimize biases and determine the true burden. Furthermore, we recommend research on development of effective culturally, religious and gender sensitive sexual health interventions tailored for rural areas like these.

Recommendations for Future Research. Photovoice can definitely be used as a powerful tool for qualitative research. This study used a combination of cameras with focus groups, however, it would really add to the methodology if one-on-one key interviews are incorporated into it. While conducting the focus groups it was evident that the mothers were not comfortable expressing themselves and were not particularly vocal. This could most likely be attributed to a culture of diffidence prevalent in the women of the region. On the other hand, after doing home visits and training the women one-on-one with the cameras made them more comfortable and increased interaction. It was evident that the women were more comfortable interacting one-on-one with the researcher than in large groups especially since the researcher was a female. A stronger strategy to boost participation could also be to involve family members i.e. husbands and in-laws into nutritional interventions rather than solely targeting the mother. Since issues of women empowerment are so intricately linked to maternal and child nutrition, there could not be a more effective strategy than targeting the structures that so frequently bind her aspirations and capabilities, which in most cases are her own family members and community. In context of the MMP program, it is important to evaluate the extent of coverage by front-line workers in dissemination of the powder as well as providing the beneficiaries with correct instructions about usage. There is need for an increased focus on counselling provided to the mothers on proper use of MMP and addressing challenges they facing such as ‘child not eating the powder’ and other concerns such as the food taking on a reddish hue on adding the powder. Furthermore, perceptions about MMP use such as it being a medicine need to be evaluated for their effect on compliance with the product.

Recommendations for Future Research. Because the current study only examined HPV vaccine initiation, future research should analyze HPV initiation and series completion patterns as more nationally representative datasets begin to include male HPV vaccination measures. Additionally, researchers should further examine geographical predictors of male HPV vaccine uptake, paying close attention to regional and state policy differences and school-mandated vaccination programs when larger sample sizes are available. Future studies should also attempt to study the important differences in HPV vaccination outcomes by measuring race and ethnicity with two separate constructs. In the current study, sample size restrictions prohibited more detailed analysis on the three-way interactions between teen race, ethnicity, and provider recommendation on vaccine initiation. Additionally, we do not know what type of provider NIS-Teen adolescents see when they receive HPV vaccines, and provider type may be an important indicator for successful vaccine initiation. Because the NIS-Teen does not include a measure of provider race or ethnicity, we could not measure patient-provider racial concordance. Researchers should use provider surveys to further explore this topic, as racial concordance may also have implications for the messaging included in HPV vaccine recommendations. While quantitative analysis is useful for identifying predictors of vaccination, qualitative studies may help explain the vaccination decision-making process for adolescent males and their parents, and whether or not cultural norms play an important role. For example, in 2015, Merck and Co., Inc. released Gardasil 9®, an HPV vaccine that protects against nine different HPV strains known to cause cancer and genital warts.[119] Researchers conducted online focus groups with 87 parents of daughters to examine parent perceptions of this new vaccine.[120] They found that parents remained hesitant of the “newness” of such vaccines, while others proposed delaying vaccination so their children would receive a “superior” vaccine. Parental concerns about vaccine safety continue to challenge HPV vaccine uptake. As a result, parents believe providers should exhibit more confidence when recommending HPV vaccines.[120] Identifying specific parental concerns and perspectives through focus groups and in-depth interviews, particularly for minorities, will help shape provider messaging around new versions of HPV vaccines in the future. Qualitative research would ...

Recommendations for Future Research. This study's preliminary findings suggest that insurance status may contribute to emergency department length of stay for patients admitted for intentional self-injury. Though this is the first study to analyze the relationship between payer ability and ED LOS among patients admitted for deliberate self-harm, further research can directly inform the subset of patients with suicide attempts. This study relied on ICD-9-CM coding, which prevented direct identification of suicide admissions. With the update to ICD-10-CM in October 2015, nonfatal suicide attempt admissions can easily be identified through a distinct code (T14.91) separate from deliberate self-harm. There are also opportunities to understand any time trends on ED suicide care management as data integrity and surveillance improves. Historically, the reporting of external cause of injury codes were not mandated, causing state-to-state variation in suicide coding completeness.88 Further improvements in the quality of coding over time can be made to enhance the breadth and depth of emergency medicine research, particularly as it relates to suicide-related admissions. Another avenue for further research is to conduct sensitivity analyses on hospitals' types, including safety-net ED status or presence of psychiatric ED services. Such analyses will provide further rationale for strengthening psychiatry expertise in an ED setting. ED care provisions may also be characterized in qualitative respects to understand how clinicians’ attitudes and patient experiences may also impact the overall length of stay. Lastly, further avenues must be explored for ensuring ED preparedness in suicide management, particularly among safety-net EDs that serve high proportions of uninsured and Medicaid patients.