Previous Research Sample Clauses

Previous Research. A variety of research has been published over the last ten years on foam and blowing agent usage, characteristics and impacts, but only a very few were specific to California, and none have taken a holistic ‘bottom-up’ approach to the identification of foam based emissions in the State. Caleb has taken account of California specific research by CARB on estimated foam bank size and distribution, on estimated emissions from foam banks, on Appliances end-of-life fate and on in-state TRU/Reefer populations (CARB, 2008). Beyond California, there have been a variety of studies in the USA relevant to foam blowing agent use, banks and emissions, such as on Polyurethane blowing agents, (Skeist Inc. 2004), and on a US high GWP inventory (US EPA, 2001a). Internationally, there have been a series of studies completed on characterizing banks, emissions and management options, on defining a global emission function for blowing agents (AFEAS, 2000) and on the collection and treatment of unwanted ODS (ICF International, 2008). The studies were completed for the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the Technical and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) of UNEP. There have also been studies specific to the European situation, including a study on regulatory options (Milieu 2007), and a study on characterizing building foam banks and emissions in the United Kingdom (BRE 2010). Xxxxx was, in whole or in part, responsible for much of this research and has reviewed and drawn upon the work as part of the Literature Review process. This review process has continued throughout this project in order to keep updated with the latest findings.
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Previous Research. In the other fields of the social sciences, the previous research concerning immigration from former Soviet republics has concentrated on social networks, stigmatization experiences, integration, professional experiences and migration of mothers of young children. Therefore, this field has been broadly studied already. The viewpoint of the most of the previous studies made in Finland, has been either to study the number of immigrants and to clarify their backgrounds by using migration xxxxxxxx0 or to research the acculturation process of the immigrants8. Also studies concerning the attitudes of Finns against foreigners9, the willingness of Estonian people to emigrate10 and Estonian people's stigmatization experiences11 have been made. In the field of cross-cultural psychology, for example Xxxx X. Xxxxx has studied the psychological consequences of acculturation and created concepts to study acculturation and adaptation.12 Finnish immigration research has traditionally concentrated on how immigrants have done and acted in Finland and among Finns but less attention has been paid on the communities 7 E.g. Kyntäjä & Kulu 1998. 8 E.g. Liebkind 1994, Perhoniemi & Xxxxxxxxxx-Lahti 2006, Xxxxxxxxxx 2006.
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Previous Research. A variety of research has been published over the last ten years on foam and blowing agent usage, characteristics and impacts, but only a very few were specific to California, and none have taken a holistic ‘bottom-up’ approach to the identification of foam based emissions in the State. Caleb has taken account of California specific research by CARB2 on estimated foam bank size & distribution, on estimated emissions from foam banks, on Appliances end-of-life fate and on In-State TRU/Reefer populations. Beyond California, there have been a variety of studies in the USA relevant to foam blowing agent use, banks & emissions, such as on Polyurethane blowing agents, (SKEIST Inc. 2004), and on a US high GWP inventory (US-EPA 2001). Internationally, there have been a series of studies completed for UNEP/IPCC/TEAP on characterizing banks, emissions and management options, on defining a global emission function for blowing agents (AFEAS 2000) and on the collection and treatment of unwanted ODS (ICF International 2008). There have also been studies specific to the European situation, including on regulatory options (Milieu 2007), on characterizing building foam banks & emissions in the United Kingdom (BRE 2010). Xxxxx was, in whole or in part, responsible for much of this research and has reviewed and drawn upon the work as part of the Literature Review process. This review process has continued throughout this project in order to keep updated with the latest findings.
Sample 1
Previous Research. ‌ Although there is limited prior work addressing NLP and IR in the archaeology domain, there are some examples of related research in the literature. Almost all of those studies have focused on grey literature as the source material, presumably because it has the greatest potential for computational techniques. One of the earliest applications of IR in archaeology was done by Xxxxxxxx (1983), who did a study on information needs of users of a sites and monuments record. As this was back in 1983, the information was stored on physical 5 by 8 inch record cards, ordered by grid coordinates. Even though the situation was very different to our current situation, the problem is the same: the metadata (grid coordinates) were not good enough for information retrieval, as users want a way to cross reference or search through the data (text on cards). Xxxxxxxx sent out surveys by post asking archaeology professionals on their opinion on the use of computers for record manipulation, and found that 63% already did, or were hoping to do so in the future, meaning 37% of respondents did not see any value in using computers for this task. Eventually they concluded that “A computer-based recording system gives the potential to relieve problems of lack of space, lost data, inaccuracies in recording and to provide a flexible and efficient retrieval system, therefore relieving staff time for other work” (Xxxxxxxx, 1983, p. 43), which is basically also the main aim of this project. It seems not much
Sample 1
Previous Research. 31 algorithm to perform NER. This showed promising results, but unfortunately the technique has not been evaluated fully yet. Building on her work, Talks (2019) added more entity types and did an extensive evaluation with users. All the research described above has been on the English language, and re- search on Dutch and other languages is much less prevalent. For Dutch, there are two main examples: the OpenBoek project and the experiments on Dutch texts in the above mentioned ARIADNE project. The OpenBoek project (Xxxxxxxx & Xxxxxx, 2008; Xxxxxxxx & Brandsen, 2010) aimed to create a full text search engine combined with entity search, on about 2,000 reports. They used Memory Based Learning to automatically label time periods and locations, which were searchable together with the full text in a web application based on the SMART system (Salton, 1971). While the search engine showed promising results, unfortunately this web application has gone offline not too long after the funding for the project ended. The ARIADNE project – besides the work on English texts described above – also experimented with Dutch and Swedish grey literature. For Dutch, they applied a rules based technique using the General Architecture for Text Engineer- ing (GATE) framework (Xxxxxxxxxx et al., 1995). The rules were mainly based on thesauri, but they found many issues with the thesauri and gold standard, making effective NER with this approach difficult. Very recently, Xxxxxxx et al. (2021) experimented with Text Mining and IR as part of their research on urban farming and ruralisation in the Netherlands. They extracted text from a number of PDFs, created a term document matrix and compared this with a list of keywords related to the topic of urban farming, to automatically assess the relevance of a large number of documents for a number of topics. In a slightly different direction, recent work by Xxxxx et al. describes research on Dutch archaeological texts from Belgium, looking at theoretical trends over time. They successfully manage to use Text Mining to find these trends, and chart the decrease in text quality due to developer-led archaeology. Similarly, Xxxxxxx et al. (2020) used topic modelling techniques on large-scale English data to see if there are patterned ways in which archaeologists write about bone. Almost no research has been done on multilingual techniques, but Xxxxxxx- xxxxxxx et al. (2015) present some interesting results for NER on English, German and French ...
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Previous Research. In this section I talk about some articles I have found interesting for my research study during my review of previously research in this area. In general, there are many studies about how we can improve our safety procedures practices, and I have found two main approaches in this area: researchers, trying to create and simulate their own environment. Hopefully, I do not need to create new one, because I will use Second Life as my environment. Secondly, researchers were focusing on procedures and advantages or disadvantages applying these procedures in virtual world. But, none of them were using Second Life yet. Let me introduce some of the articles.
Sample 1
Previous Research. Although there is limited prior work addressing NLP and IR in the archaeology domain, there are some examples of related research in the literature. Almost all of those studies have focused on grey literature as the source material, presumably because it has the greatest potential for computational techniques. One of the earliest applications of IR in archaeology was done by Xxxxxxxx (1983), who did a study on information needs of users of a sites and monuments record. As this was back in 1983, the information was stored on physical 5 by 8 inch record cards, ordered by grid coordinates. Even though the situation was very different to our current situation, the problem is the same: the metadata (grid coordinates) were not good enough for information retrieval, as users want a way to cross reference or search through the data (text on cards). Xxxxxxxx sent out surveys by post asking archaeology professionals on their opinion on the use of computers for record manipulation, and found that 63% already did, or were hoping to do so in the future, meaning 37% of respondents did not see any value in using computers for this task. Eventually they concluded that “A computer-based recording system gives the potential to relieve problems of lack of space, lost data, inaccuracies in recording and to provide a flexible and efficient retrieval system, therefore relieving staff time for other work” (Xxxxxxxx, 1983, p. 43), which is basically also the main aim of this project. It seems not much has changed in the last 40 years in that respect. At the end of the 20th century, computer systems became increasingly com- mon place, and in the last 20 years a number of projects have used Text Mining techniques on archaeological texts. Xxxxxx et al. (2008) created a full work- flow allowing experts to extract information from text, but in a quite specialised way on small collections, and is not meant for searching through large corpora. Xxxxx & Xxxxx (2010) experimented with extracting archaeological events and converting them to Resource Description Framework (RDF) triples, to increase the interconnectivity between data silos. Going more in the direction of IR, the Archaeotools project used a combina- tion of rules based and machine learning approaches to automatically generate location, time period, and subject metadata for a small selection of a thousand reports, with moderate success. This generated metadata could then be used for searching in a facetted interface (Xxxxxxx et...
Sample 1
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Related to Previous Research

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