The Concept. In an information-theoretic key agreement problem, generally, some legitimate parties on a communication network wish to share a secret (key) reliably by using a (block) key agreement coding scheme such that wiretappers are unable to gain any information about the key. To do this, some signals are to be communicated between authorized parties (subject to constraints of the network) in presence of the wiretappers. This step, which is known as key exchange, is usually performed prior to the transmission of messages. At the end of the key exchange step, each authorized party retrieves his/her own key by decoding total available signals at his/her terminal. The agreed keys are finally to be exploited for symmetric-key cryptography [8] in the step of the transmission of messages [17, 18, 20]. Hence, the keys are selected from a same alphabet (key) set with a finite size, which is denoted by K in this thesis. Moreover, the agreed keys must satisfy the AR condition and the AS condition in the same way as messages (M, Mˆ ) ∈ M2 do in Definition 1.3 and Definition 1.8, respectively. Further to these two conditions, any key is required to look like a uniformly distributed random variable as the third condition; thus, the key is often called a secure common randomness in the literature, e.g., [3, 18, 19, 21]. This condition is called the asymptotic randomness condition (ARN) as block length n → ∞. Near uniformity of a RV with a finite size can be measured in various ways; one popular way in information theory, which is used in our work, is to compare the entropy rate of the RV with that of a uniformly distributed RV with the same size [3, Ch. 17]. These conditions are clarified as follows based on the key agreement model sketched in Figure 1.6. In Figure 1.6, assume that Xxxxx and Xxx want to share a key by key exchange over the wiretap channel (Xn, Yn × Zn, Pyz|x) according to Definition 1.7 as well as over a public channel [17] (see Definition 3.1 for more details). Due to the nature of a public channel, any signal sent over this channel is accessible by Xxx. Although the eavesdropper is able to obtain the same copy of transmitted signals over the public channel, she is not able to tamper those signals in any sense as the channel is assumed to be authenticated 10. For generalization, assume that Xxxxx, Xxx, and Xxx have also access to side information a, b, and e, respectively (see Chapter 3 for more details.). Let map the total signals transmitted over the public ...
The Concept. PTO involves the calculation of the appropriate annual entitlements to paid absence based on the following industry standards:
The Concept. Upon the death of the Life Assured due to sickness, disease, accident or any other reason according to the conditions of this Contract and while it is still in force, Allianz SNA x.x.x. will pay to the nominated beneficiary the sum assured stated in the (T.B. and C.), upon the receipt of the proofs and required documents.
The Concept. A buy-sell agreement obligates one party to purchase a deceased business owner’s interest at a certain price, and another party— typically the deceased owner’s estate or heirs—to sell the interest at that price. The agreement gives business owners assurance about who will purchase a deceased owner’s interest, what the price will be, when the sale will take place, and where the funds will come from.
The Concept. The Arranger will make an arrangement for (instrument[s]) aimed at musicians with a performing level. The Arranger will send by email to The Client sheet music of the musical theme in PDF format along with an MP3 file of the music written on the sheet music.
The Concept. The artwork will be in the style of the artist, along the lines of previous work titled ‘StoneScape’ but as there are variations in the creative process the client should expect a unique work. The commissioned artwork will be based on a location(s) of the client’s choosing, within Caithness as agreed with the artist.
