Public Health Implications. The findings from this study could suggest several public health implications. If antidepressants truly have a protective effect against seizures when combined with AEDs, then clinicians who treat patients with epilepsy need to be aware of this interaction in order to better treat their patients. This aligns with the literature on epilepsy, which indicates that stress is a risk factor for seizures, so if stress is reduced through the use of antidepressant medications, then the risk of seizure also decreases (Xxxx et al., 2017; Xxxxxx & Xxxxx, 1984). However, due to the small sample size of this study, further research is necessary to investigate the effect of antidepressants in combination with AEDs on seizure activity. These results could also indicate that antidepressant medications are more commonly prescribed to those presenting with multiple seizures. This aligns with previous research, which shows that patients with a history of epilepsy are at an increased risk of developing depression, and that risk increases with increased seizure activity (Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx, & Xxxxxxxxxxx, 2006). This result shows that people who are prescribed antidepressant medications for MDD have fewer seizures, which is important to providers of people with epilepsy. It is important for providers to be aware of the increased risk of depression among these patients, and to be prepared to treat them with antidepressant medications. On the other hand, patients with multiple seizures could be seen more frequently than patients with fewer seizure events, allowing providers to better detect their depressive symptoms. In order to be included in this analytic sample, patients had to visit Xxxxx Hospital at least four times per year to ensure that they were regularly refilling their prescription medications. The small number of exposed patients in this analytic sample could indicate prescriptions for antidepressant medications are rare in this population, as a whole, as is receiving regular care for epilepsy. Thus, there is a very small sample who have both, as indicated by the small sample size of this study. However, further research is needed to confirm if regular clinician visits are associated with fewer depressive symptoms among people with epilepsy. If this is true, it is important for clinicians to encourage regular appointments for their patients with epilepsy. The results of this study make it clear that future research is necessary in order to furthe...
Public Health Implications. This is in keeping with the following priority health outcomes of the City’s Public Health Plan 2020-2025: Increased physical activity FINANCIAL/BUDGET IMPLICATIONS: Approximately $15,000.00 will be budgeted annually for the next 5 years to pay North Perth Cricket Club a turf wicket subsidy. The amount being capped at 50% of total turf wicket expenditure per season. COMMENTS: The previous three (3) year Turf Wicket Subsidy Agreement has been successful in terms of encouraging North Perth Cricket Club to operate sustainably, especially during the very difficult period of COVID-19. It is very pleasing to see that the Club has increased their membership numbers and actively promoted and established junior and women cricket teams, as well as an intellectual disability team. A new five (5) year agreement is recommended to align with the Property Management Framework timeframes whereby North Perth Cricket Club will sign a new lease arrangement of 5 years to utilise Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx Pavilion as their clubrooms.
Public Health Implications. This is in keeping with the following priority health outcomes of the City’s Public Health Plan 2020-2025: Increased mental health and wellbeing FINANCIAL/BUDGET IMPLICATIONS: The proposed tenancy fee is $987 per annum excluding GST. The Tools n Things Tool Library is eligible for a 50% community benefit rebate, which means the annual tenancy fee payable is $493. As the proposed term is for a 6 month period, with a further 6 month option at the City’s discretion, the tenancy free payable per term is $246. Administration propose that the initial term 6 months tenancy fee is waived to allow TNTL to establish and build a sustainable operation.
Public Health Implications. Bangladesh is still considered to be a classic patriarchy with strict limitations around the behaviors and activities of women (Head, 2015). These limitations create circumstances under which the barriers to agency and empowerment are such that most women struggle to attain it, even with support through interventions or NGOs. Therefore, the overarching public health implications point towards policy changes that seek to provide women with educational and vocational opportunities, as well as to support them in their agriculture-based endeavors at home, so that interventions such as FAARM become less necessary. Developing a system which supports women and girls will ultimately produce a generation of Bangladeshi women who face fewer barriers and greater opportunities to exercise agency and develop goals. As access to resources such as education, employment, mobility, and social networks increases, interventions aimed at women will be better able to reach their empowerment outcomes, and women without access to interventions or NGO assistance would be better able to navigate their own pathways to empowerment and improved life circumstances.
Public Health Implications. Vector-borne diseases continue to be a crippling public health issue globally, with significant burden being placed on many low-and-middle income countries (LMIC’s). The island nation of Haiti has faced the brunt of these afflictions in recent years with high rates of endemicity and seropositivity for malaria, Dengue, and a plethora of other diseases. While progress has been made to decrease vector- borne disease prevalence in Haiti, much work remains to be done, with the principal challenge being public health systems surveillance and strengthening. The evidence presented in this study suggest that removing likely habitats for larvae and adult mosquitoes can help reduce susceptibility, bite risk, and bite rate for the Haitian people. To achieve this goal, we must first strengthen our surveillance and prevention efforts within the country. Aside from the few national programs, there is very little evidence of a collective, synchronized surveillance system. Systems, advocates, and organizations simply do not adequately communicate with each other which causes lapses in data and work to be in vain. These shortcomings have been compounded by the physical and sociopolitical terrain of Haiti. Haiti is plagued by of torrential rainfall, hurricanes, and earthquakes, with the 2010 Earthquake being the most notable. This Earthquake literally shook the foundations of the country that not only further debilitated progress in health systems strengthening, but also spurred mosquito vector disease dynamics that have put significant Haitians at risk as discussed above. Coupled with the recurring political instability and upheaval within the country, rural and urban laymen become increasingly marginalized and disadvantaged to help combat these diseases. Therefore, from a public health perspective, all efforts on all fronts to combat these issues in unified way—starting first with improved surveillance. From there, public health practitioners can segue into prevention through education with an emphasis on meeting at risk individuals where they are at rather than where they need to be at all levels. Vector disease education and management must go beyond didactic lecture and learning. Novel community based participatory methods must be incorporated into these efforts to truly provide outreach and support for urban and rural communities alike. Moreover, these approaches must be grounded in a durable, long-term model to provide consistency to these communities. Far too often a...
Public Health Implications. Older adult non-fatal fall related injuries are associated with significant and prolonged economic costs to the patient and health care system. However, the economic burden is often underestimated at the national level. There are no consistent state level estimates. Much of the policy and practice for fall prevention strategies happen at the state level or lower. It is important for states to understand the economic impact of older adult falls and to be able to track spending across the years. The tracking allows states to determine if strategies implemented to address the problem have positive outcomes and are resulting in a decreased incidence and associated cost of fall injuries. Numerous interventions identified can reduce the risk and rate of falls in older adults. However, implementation of interventions remains insufficient to address this major public health concern in many healthcare settings and states. Currently, limited studies provide guidance on estimating the economic burden of falls on a state level. My study provides public health officials at the state and local levels two different methods to measure the direct medical costs of falls and fall injuries for their perspective states. The results of this study will aid in the assessment of the magnitude of the problem and in allocation of sufficient resources for implementing fall prevention interventions. Both methods of cost estimation offer valuable insight in calculating the economic burden of unintentional injury from falls. States may choose to use their own counts for residents hospitalized or admitted to ED applied to the WISQARS cost of injury module to obtain an estimate of medical costs of facility and associated charges. This provides states with the ability to obtain quick modifiable estimates of cost of fall injuries. The more comprehensive partial attributable fraction method of health care expenditure, available for a number of historical years and future projections, offers more details of spending by payer type – Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance. This allows states to track their spending on potentially preventable injuries using Medicare dollars and state sponsored Medicaid costs.
Public Health Implications. Results from this study indicate an association between family, thoughts of the future, academics, and pressure with mental health wellness. Results also showed that factors such as stigma in the community and family, a busy schedule, lack of information, and finances act as barriers to accessing mental health services and supports. AshaUSA’s current programming includes having a few meetings a year to discuss mental health wellness in the community that are geared towards adults, an annual film festival that shows movies with the message that “mental health matters”, and a one time workshop geared towards opening communication between adults and their children regarding mental health wellness (AshaUSA, 2016). Recommendations for improved public health practices and policies expand upon AshaUSA’s current programming. Policies and programs targeting mental health wellness through raising awareness and destigmatizing mental health in the community, incorporating culture and language, creating awareness about resources in the community, and creating resources and awareness on how to deal with pressure are essential to improving students’ mental health wellness in Minnesota. Recommendations fall under the broader branches of education, social marketing and media engagement, community engagement, social leadership, and advocacy and support.
Public Health Implications. The success of Senegal’s UHC program could have far-reaching consequences for access to quality health services and population health. It is imperative that implementation is coupled with key policy reforms to the health financing system. As a country that already made the political commitment to attain universal health coverage, policy makers in Senegal must now recognize that this objective cannot be reached without a well-functioning health financing system. Therefore initiating needed policy reforms is now the only course of action and necessitates both innovative financing and reliable data. Doing so will ensure gaps are addressed so that available resources are spent efficiently and an increasingly greater proportion of the Senegalese population can benefit from health insurance coverage. REFERENCES Abt, Associates inc. (2013a). Health Financing and Governance Project/ Health Systems Report: Senegal. xxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxx.xxx/resources/health-systems- database/country-profiles/senegal/ Abt, Associates inc. (2013b). President of Senegal Launches Universal Health Coverage Program. Retrieved January 7, 2014, from xxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/Noteworthy/2013/President-of-Senegal-Launches- Universal-Health-Cov.aspx Xxxxxx X., Xxxxxx B. (2012). L'Extension de l'Assurance-Maladie au Sénégal: Avancées et Obstacles. Médecine et Santé Tropicales, 22, 364-369. Xxxxxxx, X., Organisation International du Travail. ( 2008). Sénégal: L’analyse des prestations et des indicateurs de résultats de la protection sociale. ANSD, Agence Nationale de la Statistiques et la Démographie. (2013a). Deuxieme Enquete de Suivi de la Pauvrete au Senegal (ESPS II 2011). ANSD, Agence Nationale de la Statistiques et la Démographie. (2013b). Enquête Nationales sur le Secteur Informel au Sénégal (ENSIS 2011). Xxxxxx, X. (1995). Efficiency and quality in the public and private sectors in Senegal. Health Policy and Planning, 10(3), 271-283. Xxxxxxx, M.-L.; Xxxxxxx, X. X.; Xxxx, X. X. (2010). The Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Washignton, DC: The Brookings Institution. Xxxxxxx, X.; Xxxxxxxx, G. (2006). Health Financing Revisited-A Practitioner's Guide. The World Bank. HS 20/20, Health Systems 20/20. Chapter 1. Health Systems Strengthening: An Introduction. 1-32. xxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxx0000.xxx/files/571_file_01_Chapter_1.pdf Xxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxx, Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxx, Xxxxxxx, & Xxxx, Xxxxxxxxx. (2012). Moving towards universal health coverage:...
Public Health Implications. Intimate partner violence is widely recognized as a preventable public health concern (CDC, 2014). As such, it is important not only to develop strategies to support survivors of IPV, but to enforce policies to protect people from exposure to IPV. This study builds on previous research that illustrated IPV related ambiguity among Vietnamese men and women (Xxxxxxx et al., 2014). Ambiguous definitions of violence are particularly important within the context of Vietnam, since the most recent national survey on domestic violence revealed that 32% and 54% of ever-married women experience physical and sexual violence by husbands in their lifetime, respectively (GSO, 2010). This high prevalence of violence was reflected by participants through their contextual justification of IPV and suppressive attitudes toward women seeking formal recourse. IPV related ambiguity among participants highlight the need for continued education. This education should be culturally competent and include components that clearly define IPV, elucidate current laws, and promote gender equality. Additionally, as this study also revealed contextually dependent attitudes towards women seeking recourse; training that targets men are needed to challenge these attitudes while addressing their perceptions of normal or acceptable violence. Future directions for research should involve developing or piloting curricula for educational training described above. Accordingly, research that evaluates the efficacy of these trainings should also be implemented. Ultimately, IPV perpetration in Vietnam cannot be stemmed unless it is identifiable and perceived as categorically wrong—especially by men. Thesis References Xxxxxxxxx, X., Xxxxxx, X., Xxxxxxx, X., & Xxxxxxx, X. (2015). Physical violence against pregnant women by an intimate partner, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Mazandaran Province, Iran. Journal of Family and Community Medicine, 22(1), 13. Xxxxxxxx, X., Watts, C. H., Xxxxxx-Xxxxxx, X., Xxxxxxx, X., Xxxx, X., Xxxxxxxx, X., Xxxxxx, XXXX., Xxxxx, L. (2011). What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence. BMC public health, 11(1), 109. Al-Atrushi, H. H., Al-Tawil, N. G., Xxxxxxx, X. X., & Xx-Xxxxxxx, T. S. (2013). Intimate partner violence against women in the Erbil city of the Kurdistan region, Iraq. BMC women's health, 13(1), 37. Xxxxxx, X. X., & Xxxxxx, X. X. (2010). Formal and informal he...
Public Health Implications. Infant mortality remains a very important public health concern and indicator of the overall health of a society. While the United States is at the forefront of many medical advances and public health initiatives, the infant mortality rate still reflects a need to improve the screening and treatment of pregnant women, especially in the case of multifetal pregnancies (1). A major hindrance to advances in this area is a lack of understanding of fetal development and the causes of the most important determinant of neonatal outcomes, which is preterm birth. A multitude of maternal factors seem to contribute to preterm birth, low birth weight, and adverse neonatal outcomes, so it is imperative that ample research is dedicated to parsing through the many possible risk factors that are contributing to the high infant mortality rate. Another factor to consider is the implication of the increasing use of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Xxxxxxxx et al (2003) examined trends in the use of ART and its’ effect on multiple pregnancies, and suggest that the use of ART is becoming an increasingly important cause of multiple pregnancy. Because the use of the technologies is on the rise, twins could become an increasingly common, so it is imperative to continue to explore the unique risks faced by these infants and their mothers. This study was designed to contribute to the ongoing research into causes of infant mortality. Because multifetal pregnancies have a significantly increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes (2-4), the study was unique to twins and considered the specific risks involved that multifetal pregnancy poses on maternal health and ability to maintain a safe pregnancy. Birth weight discordant twins have an even great risk of poor outcomes. Xxxxxxx et al (1999) found that severely weight discordant twins were more like to have adverse perinatal outcomes, even after controlling for gestational age and weight of each individual twin (39). While infant mortality is a clear and easily measured poor pregnancy outcome, it is important to consider other negative consequences of birth weight discordance. Babson et al (1973) carried out a study to test the long-term outcomes of birth weight discordant twins, and found that members of weight discordant sets showed significant differences in height, weight, head circumference, and significant differences in intelligence based on standardized intelligence measures compared with members of non-discordant sets. O...
