Physical Violence. Physical violence can be either controlled or impulsive physical attacks. It incorporates hitting, slapping, punching, shoving, kicking, biting, beating (including beating with objects or weapons and murder), stabbing, shooting, choking, burning, scalding, torture and poisoning. It also consists of physical neglect, including a failure to provide for basic needs (e.g. food and clothing). Global prevalence estimates of lifetime physical partner violence range from 13- 61% among women (World Health Organization, 2005). Estimates from the 2010/2011 British Crime Survey indicate that 6.9% of men and 16.1% of women have experienced physical partner violence since the age of 16 (Xxxxx, Xxxxxxx, Xxx, et al, 2012).
Physical Violence. Physical violence is a type of domestic violence that may include abusive actions ranging from slaps, punches, and kicks to xxxxx, assaults with a weapon, or homicide(Xxxxx & Xxxxxxxxx, 2002). Events such as these are also commonly referred to as, “wife-beating,” or “battering.” Health consequences related to physical violence are not limited to, but may include: bruises and welts, lacerations and abrasions, fractures, ocular damage, reduced physical functioning, and disability("WHO: WORLD REPORT ON VIOLENCE AND HEALTH," 2002). Xxxxxxxx et. al. found that physical domestic violence occurs most often in societies where men experience greater control over economic and household decision-making compared to women(Xxxxxxxx, 1989). These factors are common measures of autonomy, or independence in making informed decisions of daily life(Xxxxxxx & Malhotra, 2011). Dyson and Xxxxx explained that women with higher levels of autonomy were more likely to have greater freedom of movement, stronger support systems, economic independence, and control over their sexuality(Dyson & Xxxxx, 1983). Another article linking domestic violence to autonomy explored risk factors associated with wife-beating in India and found that low education status of women, young wife’s marital age, wife’s lack of control over economic resources, and wife’s lack of mobility were significant predictors of physical violence(Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxx, 1997). In a study on intimate partner violence and women’s status, women with higher economic autonomy and freedom of movement, as well as higher educational attainment were less likely to experience violence. However, those involved in the workforce were more likely to experience abuse(Xxxxxxx, 2011). Of working women, those who were self-employed or employed by a family member were less likely to experience violence than those who were employed by someone they did not know. (Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxx, 2011). A similar study stated that higher education increased a woman’s ability to run a household, provided the possibility to leave an abusive relationship, and raised the husband’s value and respect for her. Higher levels of education of women were associated with lower likelihood of experiencing intimate partner violence(Ackerson, Kawachi, Xxxxxxx, & Subramanian, 2008). Sexual Violence Sexual violence is another element of domestic violence that may take the form of forced sex within marriage or a dating relationship, unwanted sexual advances or sexual harassment,...
Physical Violence. Some of these acts of misconduct may also require Police investigation. When an act of serious and wilful misconduct is brought to a manager or supervisor’s attention it must be acted upon immediately (as soon as is reasonably practical) and thoroughly investigated. This may involve interviewing employees or members of the public who were witnesses, or establishing whether there were any mitigating circumstances. It may be appropriate to involve the Human Resource Manager in matters believed to be of a serious and wilful nature. Where evidence suggests that an employee has committed an act of serious and wilful misconduct, the employee must be given the opportunity to respond to the allegation/s. The following steps should be followed:
Physical Violence. A. The Player acknowledges that physical violence directed at another player, coach, official, fan or any other person is contrary to the best interests of professional basketball and the CBA, and shall constitute a breach of the Player's representations and warranties set forth in Section 16 of this Agreement.
