Context and Rationale Sample Clauses

Context and Rationale. Why Now? The escalating costs of academic journals are a well known problem in higher education, far outpacing the growth in library budgets and squeezing out libraries’ ability to invest in other content and services needed to support teaching and research. As public investment in higher education continues to decline, many of our campus libraries as well as the California Digital Library (CDL) face persistent budget shortfalls that imperil their ability to continue these licenses. These challenges are reaching a tipping point at UC and elsewhere, leading many of our peer institutions both nationally and globally to cancel large journal packages that contain vast amounts of little- used content in favor of selectively licensing only the materials most needed by their faculty and students. Cancellation of journal subscriptions is also being fueled by the growth of open access. Today, nearly 50% of published research is openly available in some form, 15% of it as immediate, or “gold,” open access (OA); yet subscription costs have neither declined nor stabilized in response. In fact, in addition to annual above-inflation increases, publishers are now extracting even more money from the academy through the growing phenomenon of open access article charges levied on top of subscription payments in so-called ‘hybrid’ journals. It has become increasingly clear that the problem of rising journal costs in the context of a widespread movement toward open access can only be addressed by tackling the subscription system itself. Many peer institutions and consortia in Europe and elsewhere are actively pursuing this goal by committing to a transition to immediate open access publication as an alternative to subscriptions. From the global OA2020 initiative with more than 100 signatories in 35 countries, to Projekt DEAL in Germany, and “No Deal No Review” in Finland, a global movement is gathering to address the unsustainability and restrictive nature of subscription-based journal publication by withdrawing library support for subscriptions and redirecting financial investments toward sustainable open access. These forces are both the product and the markers of irreversible change. Technology has brought with it new affordances and opportunities that are changing the conduct and dissemination of research. Public funding for higher education is unlikely to be restored to previous levels. And our peer institutions have demonstrated that it is possible to break away from ex...
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Context and Rationale. The ability to provide coverage for basic health services to all citizens remains a significant challenge in virtually every country. In low-to-middle income countries, limited resources, large informal sectors, and weak tax collection systems exacerbate this difficulty and governments are unable to adequately finance their health sectors (Lagomarsino, Garabrant, Adyas, Muga, & Otoo, 2012). In the 1980’s, user fees were introduced as a means to help finance the healthcare sectors of low-middle income countries (Xxxxxx, 2013). After the implementation of this new financing mechanism in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America, studies were conducted throughout the 1990’s to evaluate the effectiveness of user payment at points of service delivery. But the findings resulted in a growing consensus among global health actors that user fees fall short of covering a significant share of health sector costs (Xxxxxx, 2013). Moreover, they disproportionately affect the poor and most vulnerable for whom the fees can become a significant barrier to access health services. In the first decade of the 21st century, governments began to enact policies to abolish user fees for access to basic health services. Still the issue of health sector financing persists and a significant portion of health care costs continue to fall heavily on households, causing them to face greater out-of-pocket expenditures at service delivery points. For households in fragile economic situations, these out-of-pocket expenses represent a financial burden that often drives them into greater economic hardship and can lead to poorer health outcomes as a result of the lack of access to care (Xxxxxx-Xxxxx & Xxxxx, 2012). The social and economic costs resulting from the absence of health coverage and governments’ inability to finance the cost of health care have, within the last decade, placed the objective of universal health coverage at the forefront of the public health agenda (WHO, 2005).
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Related to Context and Rationale

  • EVENTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES NOT REDUCING OR DISCHARGING GUARANTOR’S OBLIGATIONS Guarantor hereby consents and agrees to each of the following, and agrees that Guarantor’s obligations under this Guaranty shall not be released, diminished, impaired, reduced or adversely affected by any of the following, and waives any common law, equitable, statutory or other rights (including without limitation rights to notice) which Guarantor might otherwise have as a result of or in connection with any of the following:

  • Lien on Deposit Accounts Cash Collateral (i) To further secure the prompt payment and performance of the Indebtedness, the Borrower and each Guarantor hereby grants to the Administrative Agent a continuing security interest in and Lien upon all amounts credited to any Deposit Account and Securities Account of such Borrower or Guarantor (other than the RBL Draw Proceeds), including sums in any blocked, lockbox, sweep or collection account, to the extent such amounts constitute the Property of such Borrower or Guarantor. The Borrower and each Guarantor hereby authorizes and directs each bank or other depository to deliver to the Administrative Agent, upon request, all balances and assets in any Deposit Account or Securities Account maintained for such Borrower or Guarantor, without inquiry into the authority or right of the Administrative Agent to make such request.

  • Additional Debt Facilities To the extent, but only to the extent, permitted by the provisions of the Senior Debt Documents and the Second Priority Debt Documents, the Company may incur or issue and sell one or more series or classes of Second Priority Debt and one or more series or classes of Additional Senior Debt. Any such additional class or series of Second Priority Debt (the “Second Priority Class Debt”) may be secured by a second priority, subordinated Lien on Shared Collateral, in each case under and pursuant to the relevant Second Priority Collateral Documents for such Second Priority Class Debt, if and subject to the condition that the Representative of any such Second Priority Class Debt (each, a “Second Priority Class Debt Representative”), acting on behalf of the holders of such Second Priority Class Debt (such Representative and holders in respect of any Second Priority Class Debt being referred to as the “Second Priority Class Debt Parties”), becomes a party to this Agreement by satisfying conditions (i) through (vi), as applicable, of the immediately succeeding paragraph. Any such additional class or series of Senior Facilities (the “Senior Class Debt”; and the Senior Class Debt and Second Priority Class Debt, collectively, the “Class Debt”) may be secured by a senior Lien on Shared Collateral, in each case under and pursuant to the Senior Collateral Documents, if and subject to the condition that the Representative of any such Senior Class Debt (each, a “Senior Class Debt Representative”; and the Senior Class Debt Representatives and Second Priority Class Debt Representatives, collectively, the “Class Debt Representatives”), acting on behalf of the holders of such Senior Class Debt (such Representative and holders in respect of any such Senior Class Debt being referred to as the “Senior Class Debt Parties; and the Senior Class Debt Parties and Second Priority Class Debt Parties, collectively, the “Class Debt Parties”), becomes a party to this Agreement by satisfying the conditions set forth in clauses (i) through (vi), as applicable, of the immediately succeeding paragraph. In order for a Class Debt Representative to become a party to this Agreement:

  • Debt Obligations i. “Municipal securities,” defined as obligations (whether documented as securities or as loans) of a State, the District of Columbia, a U.S. territory, or a political subdivision thereof and including general obligations, limited obligation bonds, revenue bonds, and obligations that satisfy the requirements of section 142(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 issued by or on behalf of any State, the District of Columbia, any U.S. territory or any political subdivision thereof, including any municipal corporate instrumentality of 1 or more States, or any public agency or authority of any State, the District of Columbia, any U.S. territory or any political subdivision thereof, including obligations of any of the foregoing types related to financing a 501(c)(3) organization. The purchase of any municipal security will be based upon the Investment Adviser’s assessment of an asset’s relative value in terms of current yield, price, credit quality, and future prospects; and the Investment Adviser will monitor the creditworthiness of the Fund’s portfolio investments and analyze economic, political and demographic trends affecting the markets for such assets. Eligible Assets shall include any municipal securities that at the time of purchase are paying scheduled principal and interest or if at the time of purchase are in payment default, then in the sole judgment of the Investment Adviser are expected to produce payments of principal and interest whose present value exceeds the purchase price.

  • Security Cameras Security cameras have been installed throughout the Facility; however, they will not routinely be used in areas where there is an expectation of privacy, such as restrooms or patient care areas.

  • Equal and Ratable Benefit The Loans and Commitments established pursuant to this paragraph shall constitute Loans and Commitments under, and shall be entitled to all the benefits afforded by, this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, and shall, without limiting the foregoing, benefit equally and ratably from the Guarantees and security interests created by the Security Documents. The Loan Parties shall take any actions reasonably required by the Administrative Agent to ensure and/or demonstrate that the Lien and security interests granted by the Security Documents continue to be perfected under the UCC or otherwise after giving effect to the establishment of any such Class of Term Loans or any such new Commitments.

  • Consolidated Senior Secured Leverage Ratio Upon and after the consummation of a Qualified Notes Offering, permit the Consolidated Senior Secured Leverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the US Borrower (beginning with the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2018) to be greater than (A) during a Specified Acquisition Period, 4.00 to 1.00, and (B) at all other times, 3.50 to 1.00.

  • Notification to Account Debtors and Other Persons Obligated on Collateral If a Default or an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, each Grantor shall, at the request and option of the Administrative Agent, notify account debtors and other persons obligated on any of the Collateral of the security interest of the Administrative Agent in any account, chattel paper, general intangible, instrument or other Collateral and that payment thereof is to be made directly to the Administrative Agent or to any financial institution designated by the Administrative Agent as the Administrative Agent’s agent therefor, and the Administrative Agent may itself, if a Default or an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, without notice to or demand upon any Grantor, so notify account debtors and other persons obligated on Collateral. After the making of such a request or the giving of any such notification, the applicable Grantor shall hold any proceeds of collection of accounts, chattel paper, general intangibles, instruments and other Collateral received by such Grantor as trustee for the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties and the Administrative Agent, without commingling the same with other funds of any Grantor and shall turn the same over to the Administrative Agent in the identical form received, together with any necessary endorsements or assignments. The Administrative Agent shall apply the proceeds of collection of accounts, chattel paper, general intangibles, instruments and other Collateral received by the Administrative Agent to the Obligations, such proceeds to be immediately credited after final payment in cash or other immediately available funds of the items giving rise to them.

  • Security for the Obligations To secure the payment and performance by Borrowers of the Obligations hereunder, each Borrower grants, under and pursuant to the Security Agreement executed by Borrowers dated as of the date hereof, to Lender, its successors and assigns, a continuing, first-priority security interest in, and does hereby assign, transfer, mortgage, convey, pledge, hypothecate and set over to Lender, its successors and assigns, all of the right, title and interest of each Borrower in and to the Collateral, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, and all proceeds (including, without limitation, all insurance proceeds) and products of any of the Collateral. At any time upon Lender’s request, Borrowers shall execute and deliver to Lender any other documents, instruments or certificates requested by Lender for the purpose of properly documenting and perfecting the security interests of Lender in and to the Collateral granted hereunder, including any additional security agreements, mortgages, control agreements, and financing statements.

  • Secured Cash Management Agreements and Secured Hedge Agreements Except as otherwise expressly set forth herein, no Cash Management Bank or Hedge Bank that obtains the benefit of the provisions of Section 8.03, the Guaranty or any Collateral by virtue of the provisions hereof or any Collateral Document shall have any right to notice of any action or to consent to, direct or object to any action hereunder or under any other Loan Document or otherwise in respect of the Collateral (including the release or impairment of any Collateral) (or to notice of or to consent to any amendment, waiver or modification of the provisions hereof or of the Guaranty or any Collateral Document) other than in its capacity as a Lender and, in such case, only to the extent expressly provided in the Loan Documents. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article IX to the contrary, the Administrative Agent shall not be required to verify the payment of, or that other satisfactory arrangements have been made with respect to, Secured Obligations arising under Secured Cash Management Agreements and Secured Hedge Agreements except to the extent expressly provided herein and unless the Administrative Agent has received a Secured Party Designation Notice of such Secured Obligations, together with such supporting documentation as the Administrative Agent may request, from the applicable Cash Management Bank or Hedge Bank, as the case may be. The Administrative Agent shall not be required to verify the payment of, or that other satisfactory arrangements have been made with respect to, Secured Obligations arising under Secured Cash Management Agreements and Secured Hedge Agreements in the case of a Facility Termination Date.

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