Future Directions. While the main findings of this thesis are an important first step in understanding the relationship between syntactic annotation quality and machine translation performance, the results presented here raise some additional questions that bear further investigation. One slightly curious finding has to do with the disparity between tuning and test perfor- xxxxx. As we predicted, the new syntactic annotations resulted in higher BLEU scores on both the tuning and test data. However, in general, the tuning set improvements were quite a bit higher than those on the test set. This in itself is a relatively banal finding – optimizer overfitting is hardly an uncommon phenonomenon – but Table 4.3 shows a different xxx- xxxx of results from experiments where we improved the word alignments and held the trees constant. In these word alignment experiments, which are otherwise identical to the other MT experiments in this thesis, we saw tuning and test set improvements that were much closer together in magnitude, suggesting that the overfitting effect is stronger when parses are improved than when word alignments are improved. These results alone are probably not enough to be conclusive, but given the large recent interest in methods for overcoming MT optimizer instability (see for example Chiang et al., 2008; Macherey et al., 2008; Pauls et al., 2009; Xxxxx et al., 2011) , it seems to be worth investigating the interaction between parameter optimization and syntactic MT specifically. The final result of this thesis was the somewhat disappointing finding that the two basic approaches presented (statistical modeling to improve parser performance and tree trans- formations to improve agreement with alignements) do not automatically stack together to achieve even stronger MT performance. One possibility for this result is that the agree- ment score metric we defined is designed specifically for isolating problems that appear in monolingual parses. When the starting point is parses that were generated from a joint model, the initial agreement is already much higher, so perhaps the remaining disagree- ments that are relevant to MT performance are not adequately captured by continuing to optimize agreement score. However, we do see in Table 5.7 that the annotations with the highest agreement score (Joint PA + Transformation) also yield the highest BLEU score on the tuning set,1 so another possibility is that we’re just running up against the limits of the parameter optimiz...
Future Directions. Cross-validation of arduous physical tasks and aerobic fitness In order to fully understand whether the tasks implemented during the physical demands analysis can be used for occupational readiness and fitness testing, a cross-validation study would be required. This would involve a group of individuals with varied fitness, both above and below the assigned fitness standard, completing the tasks. Similarly, the tasks themselves could be used to predict performance in an aerobic capacity test. These procedures would then allow any error associated with the predictive ability of the tasks to be quantified, and the sensitivity of the tests themselves. Although all precautions can be taken to minimise error, every predictive test will produce false positives and false negatives. If these can be quantified on a large sample, then a fitness standard can be amended accordingly to reduce this error, and even more accurately reflect occupational ability.
Future Directions. The results of this study suggest that inter- and intraobserver agreement on the presence of the NAPH pattern on CT scans is good. We also found that in approximately 22% of cases, there was disagreement as to whether the SAH matched the NAPH pattern. This implies that agreement may not be strong enough to suggest that the presence or absence of this pattern is reliable enough for a single observer’s opinion to be taken into account when deciding on the future management of the patient. If there is a low index of suspicion for the presence of an intracranial aneurysm, follow-up CT angiography, rather than DSA, can be used to accurately exclude aneurysms.8,9 In this study, we also found that in a most of cases, nonan- eurysmal SAH does not match the NAPH pattern. Given that such cases have not been as well characterized as NAPHs, it seems necessary to study these cases extensively so as to deter- mine whether one can develop an algorithm that could be used to reliably determine the best way to manage these cases.
Future Directions. Work in progress is aimed at extending MVNE (i) to cope with dynamic update of graphs e.g., using asynchronous stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to update the latent space with the only newly added or deleted edges or nodes; and (ii) work with multi-modal networks that include richly structured digital objects (text, images, videos, etc).
Future Directions. PRECIOUS will review tools available for monitoring food intake and assess their recording accuracy, as well as gathering user feedback. The data collected will help to develop a user-friendly food intake tool for PRECIOUS, which will be enhanced by links to the virtual individual model, motivational tools and monitoring of other lifestyle aspects.
Future Directions. As the GIA progresses into its second 5-year term guided by its new Strategic Plan, the activities in several of the existing Annexes are being revised and reorganized. The programme is also being extended through the addition of several new areas of cooperative research, with preparation well advanced on Annexes V: Sustainability of Geothermal Energy Utilization and VIII: Direct Use of Geothermal Energy. The activities planned in Annex IX: Geothermal Market Acceleration, are clearly recognized as very important, and methods for implementation are being sought. Options are open for new collaborative activities to be added to the programme under new Annexes and new proposals are encouraged. The GIA recognizes the importance of increasing its membership to help achieve its goal of supporting and advancing worldwide geothermal energy use. Therefore, the GIA extends an open invitation to any national organizations, semi-public entities, universities, multilateral organizations, international inter-governmental organizations and industry to seriously consider joining. Membership is open to both IEA Member and non-Member countries. Interested parties should contact the IEA-GIA Secretariat (XXX-XXXXxx@xxx.xxx.xx) for information on joining. Membership is formalized through the IEA Secretariat, which has been instrumental in assisting with the growth of the GIA. The GIA Secretariat is currently working on a website that will provide easy access to its major GIA documents: Implementing Agreement, Annex descriptions, Strategic Plan, Annual Reports and ExCo Membership information; and aid with the dissemination of the programme’s results. The GIA website itself is scheduled to become operational in late 2003.
Future Directions. The GIA has actively advanced into its second 5-year term guided by a new Strategic Plan. The studies in several of the active annexes are being revised, reorganized and extended. As examples, planning is proceeding for new work to begin in Annex I on induced seismicity and in Xxxxx XXX, new work is being proposed on field experiments on enhanced geothermal systems. The programme is also expanding through the addition of completely new areas of cooperative research, e.g. Annex VIII: Direct Use of Geothermal Energy commenced activities in September 2003, and preparation is well advanced on Annex V: Sustainability of Geothermal Energy Utilization and Annex VI: Geothermal Power Generation Cycles. The tasks associated with Annex IX: Geothermal Market Acceleration, are recognized as very important, and are being developed in association with the IEA’s own market acceleration annex. Options are also open for new collaborative activities to be added to the programme under new subtasks and annexes, and new proposals are encouraged. The GIA recognizes the importance of expanding its membership to help achieve its goal of supporting and advancing worldwide geothermal energy use. Therefore, the GIA extends an invitation to national organizations, universities, multilateral organizations, international inter- governmental organizations and industry to seriously consider joining. Membership is open to both IEA Member and non-Member countries. Interested parties should contact the IEA-GIA Secretariat (XXX-XXXXxx@xxx.xxx.xx) for information on joining. Membership is formalized through the IEA Secretariat, which has been instrumental in assisting with the growth of the GIA. The GIA website (IEA-GIA Webpage) also provides contact information and easy access to its major documents including: the Implementing Agreement, annex descriptions, strategic plan, GIA membership details and annual reports. The site also provides a major resource for the dissemination of the programme’s results.
Future Directions investigation of quantified phrases allowed in CD, particularly their scope properties in comparison with their non-doubled counterparts. • examination of Arabic CD in the context of theories of CD. said-1sg {that.𝜙 / that-3sg.f / *that-1sg} girl showed-1sg herself _ roa. Tentative Conclusions • Complementizer Agreement and Clitic Doubling share some properties in Arabic. – The indexer is realized morphophonologically as a clitic. – Both CA and CD exhibit first conjunct ‘agreement’ and ‘doubling’, respectively. • Yet, there are some differences that need addressing in order to fully assimilate one phenomenon into the other. Selected References: Akkuş, F. (2021). C and T are distinct probes. XXXX 52. xxx Xxxx, X. (In Prep). Life of Phi. PhD thesis, Leiden University. Xxxx, X. (1999). Clitic-doubled arguments. In Beyond Principles and Parameters: Essays in memory of Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx. 15–42. Xxxxxxxxxx, X. & Xxxxxxxx M. (2021). First Conjunct Clitic Doubling: Evidence for Agree-based Approaches. WCCFL 39. Acknowledgments. Many thanks to my Lebanese Arabic consultants. Xxxxx Xxxxx, UMass Amherst • xxxxxx@xxxxx.xxx
Future Directions. Further research is required to understand the impact of potential confounding or modifying factors to PPIUD use. The quantitative portion of this study was a case-control study with a relatively small sample size. Performing the study among a larger cohort may allow for some variables to reach statistical significance. Expanding the sample size to include clients from the other health facilities involved in the intervention will better exemplify the overall impact of the intervention. An increased sample size may reveal service trends and barriers to PPIUD use that are specific to service delivering institutions to allow sufficient data for comparison. Future studies should aim to describe male partners’ perspectives on barriers and facilitators to PPIUD utilization as this study’s findings suggest that family planning decisions are often made jointly. Lastly, incorporating a prospective cohort study design among women with PPIUD users to evaluate the risk of anticipated complications would be informative for characterizing standard PPIUD service practices. REFERENCES Xx-Xxxxx, X. (2007). Current state of intrauterine contraceptive devices. Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 12. Retrieved from xxxx://xxx.xxxxxxx.xxx.xx/pdf?mf07002. Xxxxxxxxx, X., Xxxxxxxx, X., & Xxxxxxx, T. (2012). Factors Associated with Utilization of Long Acting and Permanent Contraceptive Methods among Married Women of Reproductive Age in Xxxxxxx Xxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxx Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth., 12(6). Xxxxx, S., Xxxxxxxxxx, A., Xxxxxx, V., Xxxxxxx, S., Van de Perre, P., Xxxxxx, M., & Xxxxxx, X. X. (1993). Pregnancy and contraception use among urban Rwandan women after HIV testing and counseling. Am J Public Health, 83(5), 705-710. Xxxxxxx, X., Xxxxxx, X., Xxxxxxxxx, X., Xxxxxxxx, X., Guiloff, X., Xxxx, X., & Xxxxxxxxxxx, A. M. (1988). New insights on the mode of action of intrauterine contraceptive devices in women. Fertil Steril, 49, 768-773. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG]. (2016). Committee Opinion No. 670: Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception. Obstet Gynecol, 128(2), e32-37. Retrieved from xxxxx://xxx.xxxx.xxx/- /media/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric- Practice/co670.pdf?dmc=1&ts=20190324T2156370021.
Future Directions. Although the Ct as a quantitative measure of burden was not predictive of subsequent MRSA infection, its utility has yet to be fully defined and studied. A more thorough evaluation of nasal MRSA colonization burden is warranted with a focus on consistent and reliable nasal swabbing techniques. Future studies would include a case- control study evaluating the Ct as a risk factor for development of MRSA hospital acquired infections. A case-control study design would reduce the misclassification bias by studying infections that were temporally associated with a nasal colonization measurement. If a significant association is found between nasal colonization burden and hospital acquired infections, this may represent a population that would benefit from MRSA decolonization upon admission. High nasal colonization burden has also been associated with colonization at other body sites(48) and increased rates of transmission to the surrounding environment(49, 50). Whether quantitative cultures or the Ct can be used in infection control measures to identify patients at high risk of transmission needs further study. Quantitative measures could potentially identify a subgroup of colonized patients that require contact isolation while in acute care settings instead of universal isolation of all MRSA carriers. Identifying patients at the highest risk of MRSA transmission could potentially lead to a more cost effect strategy of isolation and better patient care(51). The relationship between MRSA strain type, colonization burden, and risk of subsequent infection has yet to be studied. The XXXX XXX000 strain has been associated with patients requiring hemodialysis and those with HIV infection(52). In our study, ESRD was associated with higher nasal burden of MRSA. A more comprehensive study evaluating strain types, virulence factors, patient demographics, and nasal burden is warranted. References
