RESULT AND DISCUSSION. According to X. Xxxxxxxx en X. Xxxxxx, that the formation of an agreement because of the meeting of the will or consensus of the parties. Agreement in essence can be made free of unbound form and achieved not formally but sufficiently through consensus (Feenstara and Xxxxxx, 1998). X. Xxxxxxx pointed out that the principle of consensus is very important in contract law, particularly on the aspect of contract formation. This is an absolute requirement and provide to ensure legal certainty, although for consensus begins with the offer and acceptance and fulfilment of certain requirements and procedures (Subekti, 1986). Understanding the agreement is the existence of supply and acceptance. Related to that, Xxxxxxx stated that The offering is basically An offer is an expression of willingness to contract on specified terms, made with the intention that is shall become binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is addressed (Trietel, 1995).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION. 3.1. The validity of the Guarantee of Ownership of Land based on the Deed of Sale and Purchase in Kendal Regency The results of interviews with the first party (Mr. X) and the second party (Mr. W), the chronology of this case is the beginning of the second party borrowing IDR 200 million from the first party with land and building collateral covering an area of 255 m2. Both parties went to a Notary in Kendal regency to make a debt agreement. On October 24, 2015 both parties agreed to make a payable agreement before a notary bound using a Sale and Purchase Deed. The land that is used as collateral, stands on Certificate of Ownership (SHM) No. 1316, located in Ds Limbangan Kec Limbangan Kendal Regency on behalf of Mr (W). 4 Bambang Waluyo, Penelitian Hukum Dalam Praktek, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2002, p. 15-16. 5 Xxxxxxxxx, Introduction to Legal Research Methods, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2006, p.30. 6Amiruddin, Pengantar Metode Penelitian Hukum, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2006, p.119 7Lexy X. Xxxxxxx, Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif Edition Revision, Remaja Rosdakarya, Bandung, 2009, p. 186. The contents of the agreement are as follows:
RESULT AND DISCUSSION. The Role of Digital Contracts in Insurance Companies Information technology or information technology (IT) has changed paradigms in activities, has created new types and business opportunities, and created new types of jobs and careers in human work (Sjahdeini, 2001). Insurance companies are also not free from this. The existence of insurance in Indonesia is regulated in a scattered manner in several laws including: the Civil Code (KUHPerdata), the Commercial Code (KUHD), the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 1992 concerning Insurance Business. The definition of insurance (loss) is regulated clearly in Article 246 of the Commercial Code (KUHD) which states that insurance or coverage is an agreement, by which an insurer binds himself to an insured, by receiving a premium, to provide reimbursement to him due to a loss, damage or loss of expected profit, which may be suffered due to an unspecified event. From the definition above, it is illustrated that there are several elements of insurance, namely:
RESULT AND DISCUSSION a. The presence of standard clause in banking agreement if related with Article 18 of
RESULT AND DISCUSSION. 1. The advantages of implementing an outsourcing work contract model for the company. Outsourcing according to the provisions of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower is the delivery of part of the work to another company. This handover can be done by two methods, namely by the mechanism of a job charter agreement or by the mechanism of providing worker or labor services [12]. However, there is a provision in the Manpower Law which states that the outsourcing may only be used for supporting services, meaning that workers/labourers may not be employed to carry out activities related to the production process. The definition of outsourcing in the opinion of experts, are:
RESULT AND DISCUSSION. Prosecutor's Authority and Deferred Prosecution Agreement in Indonesia Based on Article 1 Point 1 of the Prosecutor's Law, the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia (hereinafter referred to as the Prosecutor's Office) is defined 15 Xxxxx X. X. Xxxxxx and Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Reformulation of the Preliminary Evidence Audit Type in Taxation: When Legal Hermeneutics Meets the Rule of Law (Part 1 of 2), (Scientium Law Review, Vol. 1, No. 2, August 2022), 1. 16 Soetandyo Wignjosoebroto, Hukum: Paradigma, Metode xxx Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx, (Jakarta: Xxxxx xxx Huma, 2002), 17.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION. The law of engagement is regulated in Book III of the Civil Code which is broadly divided into two parts, namely first, engagements in general, both those born of agreements and those born of law and second, engagements born of certain agreements. (Xxxxxx Xxxx and Xxxxx Xxxx: 2012) Covenant Law adheres to an open system, meaning that contract law provides the widest possible freedom to the public to enter into agreements containing anything, as long as it does not violate public order and decency. (Subekti: 1990) An agreement is an event where one person promises to another person or where two people promise each other to carry out something (Xxxxxx Xxxx and Xxxxx Xxxx: 2012). The meaning of the sale and purchase binding agreement can be seen by separating the words from the sale and purchase binding agreement into a sale and purchase agreement and binding. The understanding agreement can be seen in the previous sub-chapter, while the definition of a Sale and Purchase Binding according to X. Xxxxxxx in his book is an agreement between the seller and the buyer before the sale and purchase is carried out because there are elements that must be met for the sale and purchase, among others, the certificate is not yet available. because it is still in the process, and the price has not yet been paid. (X. Xxxxxxx: 1998) Meanwhile, according to Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx, a binding sale and purchase agreement is an assistance agreement that functions as a free preliminary agreement. (Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx: 2004) From the understanding described above, it can be concluded that the meaning of a binding sale and purchase agreement is a preliminary agreement made before the implementation of the main agreement or the main agreement. As an agreement born out of necessity and not explicitly regulated in the form of legislation, the sale and purchase binding agreement does not have a specific form. This is also the opinion of Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx, the sale and purchase binding agreement is an assistance agreement that functions as a free preliminary agreement. (Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx: 2004) PPJB is a form of agreement that is subject to the provisions of Law No. 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlements and the Decree of the Minister of Public Housing No. 9 of 1995 concerning Guidelines for Binding Sales and Purchases as lex specialis, and if associated with the provisions Article 1320 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code (lex generalis) then PPJB fulfills the elements as an agreement, which can lead ...
RESULT AND DISCUSSION. ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement as a Regional International Trade Agreement and the Rules Upon Free trade agreement manifests a free trade between the ASEAN States and China. Free trade is a policy that aimed to exterminate discrimination exports and import activities between states and companies. Consumers and sellers from different economic conditions could voluntarily do trading without the difficult mechanism of government tariffs policy, quotas, prohibitions, or subsidies on goods trading and services. Free trade is the opposite of trade protectionism or economic isolationism (Xxxxxx, 2019). The other meaning of free trade can be described as the extermination of artificial barriers which is usually created by the government in accordance to escalate trade activities between individuals and companies in different countries. China's efforts to establish relations with neighboring countries are growing. Not only between countries but China's cooperative relations have also begun to expand to regional organizations such as ASEAN (Nugraha, 2019). ASEAN- China Free Trade Agreement is a ‘deal’ between ASEAN countries and China to reduce some barriers and in time, expected to deepen the economic linkages between the state parties and to increase the welfare of Indonesian and Chinese people (Xxxxxxxx & Windiani, 2018). The actualization like lower costs also expected to increase the intra- regional trade and investment, escalate the efficiency of the economy, create a larger market as well as larger opportunities and the business scale of economy of the State parties, and enhance the attractiveness of the Parties to capital and talent (Framework agreement on comprehensive economic co-operation between the association of Southeast Asian nations and the people's republic of china, 2002). The ACFTA on Trade in Goods signed in November 2004, this agreement has been improved and revised two times by 2006 and 2010. The modality for tariff reduction and elimination were categorized as either ‘Normal Track’ or ‘Sensitive Track’. For the normal track, all tariff lines in this category have been eliminated by XXXXX-0, Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxx, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand) and China as of 1 January 2012. For Cambodia, Laos PDR, Myanmar, and Viet Nam, tariff elimination has completed by 1 January 2015, with some flexibility afforded to eliminate tariffs on products not exceeding 000 xxxxxx xxxxx by 1 January 2018 (ASEAN, 2014).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION. This section shows the results of the proposed enhanced ECC algorithm for key generation for providing identity-based security in WSN. On the Sensor Network, we employed the ECC technique with minimal modifications. The success of the ECC method is determined by the complexity of processing discrete logarithms that raises the method's efficacy. The results of the proposed work have been depicted using four parameters, namely computation analysis, key generation time, energy consumption, and packet delivery ratio. Energy Consumption: Energy consumption is defined as the overall energy consumed for transmission, reception, sensing, aggregation, encryption, decryption, and key generation. The proposed utilizes the multipath routing technique to send the sensed data to HN and HN to SN. The energy required for key generation and encryption is also less whenever there is a transmission between node and HN. Overall the energy consumption is less in the proposed work compared to the other two conventional protocols SPIN [14] and SLEACH [15]. The energy consumption is more as the data transception requires more energy and there is no proper key management scheme. The energy consumption graph is shown in figure 5. PDR: The packet delivery ratio (PDR) is the ratio of the total of packets sent through the number of packets received as a percentage of the total number of packets sent. The method of calculating it is provided beneath. 𝑃𝐷𝑅 = (𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑑 / 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡) ∗ 100 The PDR of the proposed work is better when compared with SLEACH and SPIN protocol. The PDR ratio is increasing with the increase in the number of nodes. With the inclusion of two key generation proposals, the PDR is better for the proposed work and worst performance by the conventional SPIN protocol. The PDR has been described in figure 6. Computation Analysis: Computation analysis is calculated by knowing the overall time required for the sender to sense the data and send the sensed data to HN and from HN to SN via encrypted links considering the key generation phase, encryption, and decryption. The computation analysis is calculated based on the timing factor in milli-seconds and due to the two-tier proposal, it is found that the time overall consumption is very less in the proposed work than compare both the conventional protocols. The SPIN protocol takes a very high computation time to compare to SLEACH and the proposed work. As the number...
RESULT AND DISCUSSION. Collective Labor Agreement as the basis for the rules of labor law that apply at the company work unit level., which is known in English as the Collective Labor Agreement (CLA), or in Dutch as the Collective Arbeids Overenkomst (CAO), has been recognized in Indonesian legal literature based on the provisions of the Civil Code (KUHPerdata). .[2] In Article 1601n of the Civil Code it is stated that, "Labor agreements are regulations made by one or several employers' associations that are legal entities, and or several labor unions with legal entities, regarding work conditions that must be heeded when making work agreements.[3] Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower Article 1 number 16 states that industrial relations are a system of relations formed between actors in the process of producing goods and/or services consisting of elements of entrepreneurs, workers/laborers, and the government based on the values of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This means that in industrial relations there are 3 (three) elements that have their respective functions and duties. The government's function in industrial relations has been clearly regulated in Article 102 paragraph (1) of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. Collective Labor Agreements in the world of Indonesian manpower have also been regulated and confirmed their position as a means to build industrial relations, as stated in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, Article 103 which states that industrial relations are carried out through the following means:
