Results and Discussion Sample Clauses
POPULAR SAMPLE Copied 1 times
Results and Discussion. Dependence of the SHG signal as a function of the time delay between the THz-pump and near- infrared probe pulses for non-centrosymmetric BST and centrosymmetric SrTiO3 shows in Figs. 1(b) and 1(c), respectively.
Figure 1. THz-induced dynamics of nonlinear-optical response of the crystals. (a) — time-domain amplitude of THz pulse; SHG responses from BST (b) and SrTiO3 (c).
(d) dependence of the SHG intensity on the THz field (logarithmic scale). The shape of the SHG response from BST qualitatively coincided with the shape of the THz pulse. Its mean, that the non-linear response should be linear to the THz electric field. The time-domain signal from STO qualitatively recalls square shape of the THz pulse. Power dependencies of the SHG intensity on the THz electric field (Fig. 1(e)) show linear and quadratic for BST and STO, respectively. In centrosymmetric crystals (STO), in the electric-dipole approximation, the only allowed effect is electric field (in our case THz electric field) induced second harmonic (TEFISH). This explains the fact that the signal from the STO in the negative delay is equal to zero. Induced polarization can be described as P˜TEFISH(2ω)= χ((3))E˜ΩE˜ω E˜ω , where E˜ω — electric field of optical pulse, E˜Ω — electric field of THz pulse, χ((n)) — n-th-order susceptibilities tensor. In noncentrosymmetric crystal with nonzero electric dipole contribution P˜cryst(2ω), formally the same description can be applied for the electric-field dependent part of polarization:
(1) When the in-plane electric field is applied along the axis at the angle respect to [100] axis, part of domain line up along the field. In analogy with Ref. [7], it will be seen in the net response as the normalized volume fractions of domains V+ and Vi−(i = x, y) — (i = [100], [010]) with the electric polarization vector oriented parallel or antiparallel with respect to the one of two crystallographic axes in the plane of the sample. The differences of the fractions of the positively and the negatively oriented domains determines the electric field dependent contribution to the nonlinear optical polarization as ΔVi = V+ − V− : P001 + ΔViPi. Thus, the volume contributions to the corresponding domain directions for any angle ψ of applied THz E-field results in the following dependences: ΔVx = γ cos ψ, ΔVy = γ sin ψ, ΔVz = 1 − ΔVx2 − ΔVy2, (2) where γ is the ratio of in-plane switched domain fraction to [001]-oriented unswitched domain fraction. In general case, SHG intensity f...
Results and Discussion. 3.1. Previous Research in the Study Region
Results and Discussion. The evaluation study yielded valuable insights into the effectiveness of the contractual agreement in supporting program assessment and international collaborations within the ICP. Qualitative analysis of interview data revealed positive perceptions among administrators and faculty regarding the clarity and accountability provided by the contractual framework. Participants highlighted the agreement's role in facilitating program coordination, resolving conflicts, and enhancing communication among international partners. Quantitative analysis of survey data from students participating in the ICP indicated high levels of satisfaction with the program's overall organization, cross-cultural learning experiences, and opportunities for academic and personal growth. Students expressed appreciation for the structured framework of the contractual agreement, which guided their participation in collaborative projects, cultural exchanges, and joint research initiatives with peers from diverse cultural backgrounds. Key outcomes of the evaluation study included enhanced program assessment capabilities through systematic data collection and analysis facilitated by the contractual agreement. Program administrators reported improved ability to track student progress, measure learning outcomes, and evaluate the impact of international collaborations on academic achievement and career development. The contractual framework also enabled institutions to benchmark performance metrics and identify areas for continuous improvement in program design and implementation. Statistical analysis of survey responses indicated that 85% of students surveyed perceived the contractual agreement as effective in promoting intercultural understanding and collaboration within the ICP. Qualitative insights highlighted the transformative impact of international experiences on students' academic and professional development, emphasizing the value of structured partnerships in fostering global competencies and preparing future leaders for an interconnected world. The implementation of the contractual agreement within the ICP involved several stages, beginning with the negotiation and drafting of the agreement by program administrators and legal representatives from partner institutions. The agreement outlined specific terms and conditions governing the scope of collaboration, financial obligations, student mobility, and intellectual property rights. Regular meetings and consultations were held among...
Results and Discussion. Quantitative results are shown in Table I. In Figure 2, a qualitative example shows ZAPP in action. A full completed scenario is shown in Figure 3 for the ZAPP w/o DC case.
Results and Discussion. All raw and processed results must be recorded neatly and clearly. Repeated values may be tabulated with clear headers. If there is more than one table, please give a clear and legible title to each one of them. Discussion section aims to analyze the results you obtain. This is done by describing them, explaining the results with respect to the theoretical expectation either by proving the theory or otherwise. When results are in agreement with the theory, (you may feel happy) the discussion may be written in support of the theory which may now be used to predict other possible conditions. However, if result differ from the expected, the discussion may be more interesting. Here is the case when the theory may be weak or wrong or the experimental result is wrong. Discussion may be centered in scrutiny of the theory and all its assumptions or on the other hand, on possible sources of errors in the experimental procedure.
Results and Discussion. Table 1 (top) shows the root mean square error (RMSE) between the three tests for different numbers of topics. These results show that all three tests largely agree with each other but as the sample size (number of topics) decreases, the agreement decreases. In line with the results found for 50 topics, the randomization and bootstrap tests agree more with the t-test than with each other. We looked at pairwise scatterplots of the three tests at the different topic sizes. While there is some disagreement among the tests at large p-values, i.e. those greater than 0.5, none of the tests would predict such a run pair to have a significant difference. More interesting to us is the behavior of the tests for run pairs with lower p-values. Table 1 (bottom) shows the RMSE among the three tests for run pairs that all three tests agreed had a p-value greater than 0.0001 and less than 0.5. In contrast to all pairs with p-values 0.0001 (Table 1 top), these run pairs are of more importance to the IR researcher since they are the runs that require a statistical test to judge the significance of the per- formance difference. For these run pairs, the randomization and t tests are much more in agreement with each other than the bootstrap is with either of the other two tests. Looking at scatterplots, we found that the bootstrap tracks the t-test very well but shows a systematic bias to produce p-values smaller than the t-test. As the number of topics de- creases, this bias becomes more pronounced. Figure 1 shows a pairwise scatterplot of the three tests when the number of topics is 10. The randomization test also tends to produce smaller p-values than the t-test for run pairs where the t- test estimated a p-value smaller than 0.1, but at the same time, produces some p-values greater than the t-test’s. As Figure 1 shows, the bootstrap consistently gives smaller p- values than the t-test for these smaller p-values. While the bootstrap and the randomization test disagree with each other more than with the t-test, Figure 1 shows that for a low number of topics, the randomization test shows less noise in its agreement with the bootstrap com- pared to the t-test for small p-values.
Results and Discussion. Initially, the rate of diffusion for CO2 into THF using a gas flow meter was examined [32]. With a flow rate of the gas of 480 lL min–1, 39 lmol min–1 is pumped through the mem- brane, as calculated according to Eq.
Results and Discussion. 1H NMR studies of the interaction between three ruthenium polypyridyl complexes and 9-ethylguanine The reaction between the ruthenium polypyridyl complex [Ru(apy)(tpy)(H2O)]2+ and the DNA model base 9-ethylguanine was studied by 1H NMR at a 1:2 ratio (see Fig.3.2). The conditions of the experiment were chosen to be as close as possible to physiological conditions, using D2O as a solvent and a temperature of 310 K. The reaction was studied for 24 hours, during which the pH was seen to remain neutral.
Results and Discussion. The net emissions (carbon stock changes in the live biomass, debris and HWP pools) in the reference and ENGO scenarios are shown in Figure 4. The net emissions under the reference, ENGO (no leakage) and ENGO (15% leakage) scenarios, and the FM credits generated under the ENGO (no leakage) and ENGO (15% leakage) scenarios, are shown in Table 3. Figure 4 Carbon stock change (live biomass, debris, harvested wood product pools) in reference and ENGO scenarios, Mt CO2-e yr-1, 2013-2030 Table 3 Net emissions and FM credit outcomes under the reference, ENGO (no leakage) and ENGO (15% leakage) scenarios, Mt CO2-e yr-1, 2013-2030 The results suggest the FM credits associated with the creation of the reserves are likely to be significant. Under the ENGO (no leakage) scenario, the mean over the period 2013-2020 is 8.01 Mt CO2-e yr-1, rising to 8.48 Mt CO2-e yr-1 for the period 2021-2030. Under the ENGO (15% leakage) scenario, the impacts of the leakage to other FM areas reduces these averages to 6.81 Mt CO2-e yr-1 and 7.21 Mt CO2-e yr-1 for 2013-2020 and 2021-2030 respectively. To put these annual FM credit numbers in perspective, they are more than the total annual emissions from a 1400-1500 MW capacity black coal-fired power station. For example, in 2009-10, the 1434 MW capacity Stanwell Power Station in Queensland generated 8063 GWh of electricity and emitted approximately 6.2 MtCO2-e of greenhouse gases (Stanwell Corporation Ltd, 2011).24 Similarly, in the same year, the 1400 MW capacity Tarong Power Station, also in Queensland, generated 7124 GWh 24 The emission estimate was devised using the Queensland black coal energy content factor from ABARES (2011c) and the black coal emission factors from DCCEE (2011). of electricity and emitted roughly 6 MtCO2-e (Tarong Energy Corporation Ltd, 2010).25 Another way of illustrating the magnitude of the potential FM credits associated with the ENGO reserves is to compare them to Australia’s abatement task (the amount by which emissions have to be reduced compared to a ‘no policy change’ reference case to meet Australia’s mitigation commitments). In the Strong Growth, Low Pollution report, the Australian Treasury estimated that Australia’s cumulative abatement task with a 5% emission reduction target for 2020 over the period 2013-2020 was 737 Mt CO2-e (Australian Treasury, 2011).26 The results here suggest that the FM credits under the ENGO scenario would equate to between 7.4% and 8.7% of this task (Table 4). For the period...
Results and Discussion. Table 1: PCA coefficients for different assumptions and the (%) of total variance for the first three components. Coefficient relating to the different assumptions Total Va- riance (%) Mean Inte- gral RMS Weighted average time CP-50 %time- RULA =4 %time- RULA =6 %time- RULA=7