Research Method. The juridical normative method is applicable to this research. This method examines various formal legal regulations such as laws and literatures containing theoretical concepts which are then linked to legal issues of the subject to obtain a conclusion that is in accordance with scientific truth and can be accounted for scientifically and objectively.1 Normative juridical research is commonly called a doctrinal research, i.e., a research that aims to provide detailed and systematic explanations carried out by examining various legal rules, analyzing the relationship between one regulations and another, and even to predict the development of legal rules in the future.2 Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxxxx argued that the object of doctrinal legal research were documents of statutory regulations and literature reviews.3 It shows that the purpose of using doctrinal legal research is to systematize, correct and clarify a legal rule that applies to certain areas of law through the analysis of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials,4 it is related to the Publicity Principle Post Nuptial Agreement As a Form of Legal Protection for Creditors. The approaches applied to this research are the historical approach, i.e., analyzing the history of the enactment of the Marriage Law, the minutes of formation and legal politics concerning marriage agreements applicable in 1 Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Grup, 2010. P.96
Research Method. Following Xxx (2003), a case-study protocol was designed including the following sections: overview of the project (objectives and issues), field procedures, questions, guidance for the report. With respect to the current study, two criteria guided the choice of a case study research: the cost per subject and the potential for theory generation. In the empirical section of this research we used an exploratory case study whose aim is to let the emergence of changes in people and firms’ performances induced by technologies. A multiple-case study approach (Xxx 2003) was chosen for investigating the theoretical framework on how DiDIY is reshaping the work of a worker in a manufacturing firm. The approach resulted appropriate in order to answer to our research questions on which are the phenomena characterizing the reshaping of the work of a worker (Xxxxxxxx et al. 1987; Yin 2003). Future research will be, wherever possible, in the direction of a longitudinal study to facilitate comparisons and draw better insights. According to Xxx (2003), once firms have been identified, the selection of the correct data collection method depends on three factors: • research method chosen; • research topic; • availability of data. The unit of analysis chosen was “a worker in a manufacturing firm”. The case unit was analysed through the collection of primary and secondary data. Primary data sources were interviews, direct observation, and informal discussions. Secondary data sources were a set of documents of the firm that are produced as a consequence of the DiDIY transformation as long as web pages related to it. Before starting the collection of primary data (Xxxxx et al. 1998), some preliminary background information was collected in order to help the interviewer during the data collection process. The preliminary information came from the web site of the firm and some supplementary information was given by the organizational interviewee. Together with a representative of each firm, the names and the positions of all the potential participants were identified and contacted for an interview (Xxxxx et al. 1998). The interviews were semi-structured (Kerlinger 1964; Emory 1980). In order to operationalise the theoretical constructs and ground the findings, whenever possible, key representatives of a “worker” were interviewed. To increase homogeneity and comparability between the firms, a selection of them was made according to specific criteria such as B2B or B2C situation and...
Research Method. This research was conducted using a normative juridical approach, namely research of library materials which include international conventions, national legislation, official documents which are supported by a review of literary books, especially international legal doctrines related to extradition treaties. and scientific articles. So the source of data in this study is secondary data in the form of library materials. Data collection and analysis techniques use literature study data collection techniques and analyzed descriptively. Discussion
Research Method. In achieving the research objective as stipulated above, a systematic research method has been established. Since this research is an exploritative research therefore other than based on the literature review, a semi-structured interviews were conducted with all the people involved in this industry. Sources for literature review are from books, journals, newspaper articles, lecturer notes and magazine. These sources are proven in providing a lot of reliable datas that can help to show the path towards the journey in writing of this research. On the other hand, semi structured interviews were conducted with respondents that was first being selected based on their professionalism, experienced and hands on to the research topic and also people in the industry who are yet to be involved in order to get a reliable and practical responds in a manner of comments, suggestion and on how the research should be organized and positioned. Respondents shall be from the respective contracted parties to the novation agreement namely employers, consultants and contractors. Contract drafters such as lawyers were also part of the respondents. The sources of the respondent for the employers shall be confined to the organization implementing the novation agreement in their design and build contracts and as for the consultants and contractor, the sources shall be those who are in the situation who handling the projects using the novation system. All these reading sources can be obtained at the internet sites that are related to this dissertation and library; Perpustakaan Sulatanah Zanariah, UTM and Perpustakaan Tunku Xxxxx Xxxxx, UiTM. Analysis of cases collected from Malayan Law Journal (MLJ). The introduction stage of this research started with the general introduction of the design and build procurement system and novation agreement in general. In chapter 3, detail approach is made on how the arrangement of novation system towards the implementation of design and build contracts. This will be followed by the analysis in chapter 4. Analysis will be focused directly in a manner from the comparison in the implementation of novation system between Malaysia construction industry and UK construction industry. Responds from the relevant respondents also is made to know what is actually the impacts towards the organization who involves in this exercise, this shall not limited in analyzing the advantages and the disadvantages which were the outcomes from the several projects conducte...
Research Method. The approach method used in this research is to use a normative approach using a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The type of research in this research is descriptive-analytical, an analysis that only reaches the level of description, namely analyzing and presenting facts systematically so that they are easier to understand and conclude. The conclusions given are always clear on a factual basis so that everything can always be returned directly to the data obtained. Sources of legal materials in this study are sourced from secondary data based on library materials. In this study, the authors use library materials that provide instructions and explanations of the subject matter in this study, such as the Civil Code, Laws related to the subject matter, agreement law books, research results, work of scientific scholars, and the opinions of legal experts.
Research Method. The simulation was conducted on a 20x20 grid with wrapping edges such that all agents have eight neighbors. A larger grid was used to provide a greater opportunity to examine the effects of communication at distance. In addition, parameters for the number of features (5) and traits (10) were held in keeping with the original Xxxxxxx model. The threshold for similarity was set at 20 percent to increase speed of interactions given the larger grid size. ICT Adoption was varied from 0 to 100 percent in increments of 10. ICT Usage was varied from 0 to 100 percent with each increasing level of ICT usage displacing more and more local communication. For each combination of parameters, 20 runs of the simulation where conducted for a total of 1000 clock cycles. All agents were randomly chosen (one at a time) to be the active agent i during each clock cycle. It was observed that system reached equilibrium in far fewer than 1000 clock cycles in most runs. Equilibrium was considered reached when no change in the number of cultures or change in the size of the dominant norm for 100 clock cycles or more. In the most extreme case, the system reached equilibrium at 843 runs. Beyond the point of equilibrium, agents may still interact, but the net number and composition of norms remains constant. Results As expected based on the original culture model, the number of unique norms declines exponentially over time and eventually stabilizes. In the experiment, the number of unique norms is stabilized by 300 clock cycles. However, varying the use and adoption parameters changes the time of to reach stabilization of the rate of change of the number of norms. See Figures 9 and 10. Figure 9: Average Change in Communication Norms with Differing Use Figure 10: Average Change in Unique Communication Norms with Differing Adoption A closer look at the variables of interest in this research yielded interesting and, in most cases, non-linear results. Increasing the use of ICTs for communication (with increasing displacement of local communication) has the effect of increasing the velocity, the speed at which norms are spread. However, the increase in velocity is not seen until higher levels of ICT usage and less local communication is present. Hypothesis 1a is supported for higher levels of ICT use. See Figure 11.
Research Method. This study examines the cooperation network between Islamic university libraries in West Java Province. The method used in the study uses a descriptive method, namely a method that aims to describe a symptom, event, and event that occurs factually, systematically, and accurately (Soegiyono, 2019). The population in this research is the head of the library of Islamic universities in West Java, totalling 70 people. As for the sampling technique, it is done using a census technique. This study's data collection techniques were carried out through questionnaires, observations, interviews, and library research. Meanwhile, the data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistical analysis, namely by presenting the research data in tables or the form of diagrams for further analysis and interpretation.
Research Method. The study was conducted in Koto Tangah Nagari, Tilatang Kamang Sub-District, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province with in-depth interviews with local officials and communities. While secondary data in the form of document studies. Data analysis was done qualitatively.
Research Method. Research Method 1: On-‐Site Observation within the Newsroom The on-‐site observations in this research are conducted to capture the dynamic within the newsroom, in order to examine the ideals and practices of current Kompas journalists, and to investigate the underlying forces which influence news production at the newspaper. In my fieldwork, the on-‐site observations lasted for approximately six months, started from the end of January 2014 until early July 2014. During this observation period, I was treated like a Kompas journalist, with an identity card which gave me free access to enter the newsroom at any time, and also my own workstation and desk. In regard to my research, which focuses on the relation between the newspaper and the power holders, I was seated with the group of journalists at the political desk, who were in charge of political news. This gave me a chance to interact with them very closely from morning until midnight. Furthermore, I was also allowed to attend all Kompas editorial meetings related to the editorial policy. This consisted of daily, weekly and monthly editorial meetings, and the meeting of the ombudsman board, which is also held every month. The daily editorial meetings took place twice a day: in the morning at 9 am and in the afternoon at 4 pm. The morning editorial meeting aimed to discuss the main prominent issues and stories of the day, which could be considered for the next day’s coverage. Meanwhile, the afternoon editorial meeting planned this coverage in more detail, and here editors provided detailed lists of coverage to every desk. This afternoon meeting was referred to as “budgeting”. Both meetings were usually attended by members of the editorial board, representatives of the research division, as well as the editor of every desk at the newspaper. However, the number of journalists attending the morning meeting was usually smaller than in the afternoon. Meanwhile, the weekly meetings took place every Wednesday at around 11 am. During these meetings, an evaluation of the newspaper’s performance during the previous week was usually discussed, and sometimes, the agenda was set for the next week. In this meeting, the Human Resource Manager was also present, and she would report on the current progress of newly recruited journalists. In addition, the journalists from the online version of the newspaper, Xxxxxx.xxx, also joined this meeting. It goes without saying that those journalists who were usually present at t...
Research Method. In collecting data and materials to conduct this research, the following data collection methods and data analysis methods were used:
