Study Background. The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) is an NHLBI-funded observational study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adults 65 years or older conducted across four field centers. The original predominantly Caucasian cohort of 5201 persons was recruited in 1989-1990 from random samples of the Medicare eligibility lists and an additional 687 African- Americ ans were enrolled subsequently for a total sample of 5888. Starting in 1989, and continuing through 1999, participants underwent annual extensive clinical examinations. Follow-up for events remains ongoing through the present. The CHS methods paper is published (Xxx Xxxxxxxxx 1991; 1: 263- 76).
Study Background. The Framingham Heart Study began in 1948 under the direction of the National Heart Institute (now known as the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute). The objective of the Framingham Heart Study was to identify the common factors or characteristics that contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) by following its development over a long period of time in a large group of participants who had not yet developed overt symptoms or CVD or suffered a heart attack or stroke. Researchers recruited 5,209 men and women between the ages of 30 and 62 from the town of Framingham, Massachusetts and began the first round of extensive physical examinations and lifestyle interviews that they would later analyze for common patterns related to CVD development. Since 1948, the study participants have continued to return to the study every two years for a detailed medical history, physical examination and laboratory tests. In 1971, the study enrolled a second generation – 5,124 of the original participants’ adult children and their spouses – to participate in similar examinations. In April, 2002 the study began enrollment of a third generation of participants, the grandchildren of the original cohort. Periodic exams have continued on all three generations since each started. The FHS is a joint project of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and Boston University.
Study Background. The research is embedded within the MUSE project, which aims to develop and validate survey tools to assess women’s empowerment in relation to urban sanitation. The conceptual model of women and girls’ empowerment by xxx Xxxxxxxxx et al. (2017) informs the MUSE project. The framework describes the three domains of empowerment: resources, agency, and institutional structures. Each of these domains also has related subdomains. In order for the MUSE project to develop a cohesive survey tool, cognitive interviews (CIs) were conducted with women in both Kampala, Uganda and Tiruchirappalli (Trichy), India using three different interview guides, which were the three domains of empowerment: resources, agency, and institutional structures. Cognitive interviews were conducted in both Kampala and Tiruchirappalli to determine if the questions developed for the survey tools were understood and relevant in the study context, for concept elicitation, and to test out multiple questions around the same topic (Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx 2007; Xxxxxxx et al. 2018). The questions that were similar on the cognitive interviews were phrased in different ways to determine which questions would work best for the developed survey tool. Questions that were determined as the best were then retained for the final survey. This qualitative analysis leverages cognitive interview data collected from 16 participants using the interview guide for the resources domain in urban Kampala, Uganda in July and August of 2019. Study Setting Kampala is the capital city of Uganda with a total of 44.3 million people where more than 62% of the population resides in urban slums (The World Bank 2020) (Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). 2016). The population is about evenly split with 51% of the population being female and 49% of the population being male (The World Bank 2020). Those who live in the urban slum areas are classified as low-income urban dwellers. Due to the slums being densely populated, many households (34%) rely on using communal pit latrines (Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). 2016). According to the 2014 Census data for Uganda, 3% of households in the urban areas reported having no access to a toilet facility (Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). 2016). Cognitive interviews were conducted in three neighborhoods of Kampala: Kisenyi III, Upper Naguru and Naguru Godown. These three neighborhoods were selected in partnership with the United Slum Dwellers Federation. Upper Naguru and Naguru Godown ar...
Study Background. The JHS is a large, community-based, observational study whose participants were recruited from urban and rural areas of the three counties (Xxxxx, Madison and Xxxxxx) that make up the Jackson, Mississippi metropolitan statistical area (MSA). Participants were enrolled from each of 4 recruitment pools: random, 17%; volunteer, 30%; currently enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (XXXX) Study, 31%; and secondary family members, 22%. Recruitment was limited to non-institutionalized adult African Americans 35-84 years old, except in the family cohort where those 21 to 34 years of age were eligible. The final cohort of 5,301 participants includes 6.59% of all African American Xxxxxxx MSA residents aged 35-84 (N-76,426, US Census 2000). Major components of each exam include medical history, physical examination, blood/urine analytes and interview questions on areas such as: physical activity; stress, coping and spirituality; racism and discrimination; socioeconomic position; and access to health care. At 12-month intervals after the baseline clinic visit (Exam 1), participants are contacted by telephone to: update information; confirm vital statistics; document interim medical events, hospitalizations, and functional status; and obtain additional sociocultural information. Questions about medical events, symptoms of cardiovascular disease and functional status are repeated annually. Ongoing cohort surveillance includes abstraction of medical records and death certificates for relevant International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and adjudication of nonfatal events and deaths.
Study Background. This proposal describes Utah's "cash" contribution to the Recovery Program which is provided through the state’s Endangered Species Mitigation Fund (ESMF) and is allocated to the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWiR) to cover annual costs related to "providing Program planning and support" as described in the Recovery Program RIPRAP. The amount of Utah's annual cash contribution to the Program is based on the Colorado Basin Depletion Charges for the State of Utah. The depletion rate is adjusted annually based on the previous year's Consumer Price Index % increase; the average increase for the last 5 years has been 2.1% and that amount has been used to forecast out-year costs. The FY 2022 contribution was calculated as $166,419 plus 2.1% or $169,914 and the FY 2023 contribution is projected to be $173,482. Study Goals, Obje ctives, End Product(s): N/A Study Area: The upper Colorado River Basin within Utah. Study Methods/Approach: See the Task Description below Task Description, De liverable s and Sche dule : Task 1 – Statewide program administration and Biology Committee representation. DWR, SL Office – Xxxx Xxxxxx, Assistant Chief: Prepare for and attend Biology Committee meetings and conference calls. Review, edit, and comment as may be required on proposals, scopes-of-work, annual reports, project reports, planning documents, and administrative records prepared by Recovery Program participants or their contractors. Attend the annual researchers and ad-hoc group meetings and participate in other Program-related activities as needed. Participate in the development, review, and approval of the Program's biennial budget and work plan. Participate in suggesting, developing, and approving appropriate refinements of the elements within the RIPRAP. Provide coordination and technical support for Management Committee members as needed. Coordinate with DOI personnel for contract development, progress reporting, and project funding. Task 2 – S.E. Region program administration, implementation, and committee technical support.
Study Background. 1A number of studies have looked into the labour market integration issues of refugees and have shown that they may be highly motivated than other non-economic migrants; but they integrate slow, are more difficult to employ, have more difficulties to organize self-employment and hence suffer also from lower earnings. This results mainly from insufficient education and low host country language proficiency. 2While integration can prove challenging, it can also be seen as an opportunity for the EU. From an economic point of view, migration flows are observed to contribute to the labour market of their host society through: filling gaps in low and high-skilled occupations; addressing labour market imbalances; contributing more in taxes or benefits than they receive; spurring innovation, and, thereby, economic growth. • 3Language training should not hold a person back from finding work and participate in society. Language training should be tailored to the personal situation, skills and qualifications of the individual refugee and combined with work practice. • For ‘work-ready’ individuals, flexible on-the-job/combined language training would ideally be available to make ‘work first’ pathways a true and sustainable alternative for refugees. • Creating labor market ‘fast-tracks’ for work-ready or highly skilled asylum seekers and refugees is valuable. This requires close collaboration with employers and the education sector to define ‘work- readiness’, in order to recognise qualifications and provide adequate job opportunities, or to adapt on-the-job training schemes. • Educational systems and social partners are essential to determine if skills and qualifications through education employment. Cultural differences, staff capacities and competences need to be considered in all approaches to assess skills and qualifications. 1xxxxx://xxx.xxx.xx/Documents/RSCAS/Research/ArchivesInstitutionsGovernanceDemocracy/20181205-Keynote- lecture-labour-market-integration.pdf 3 xxxxx://xx.xxxxxx.xx/social/BlobServlet?docId=20661&langId=en
Study Background. Unless otherwise addressed in a separate (attached) proposal/document, this section should include (but not be limited to) information about the researcher and her/his affiliated institution, the curriculum focus, the researcher’s experience or background in this specific research interest/focus, the research’s link to district work or reforms. Specify “See attachment” if applicable. (Delete these italicized instructions in final document.)
Study Background. 1.1. Xxxx Xxxx was traditionally an important industrial base in Hong Kong. As time evolves, Kowloon East is transforming into an attractive core business district (CBD) with commercial buildings, shopping malls and hotels gradually taking roots in this area. Together with the adjacent Kowloon Bay Business Area and the Kai Tak Development Area, the Xxxx Xxxx Business Area (KTBA) would become a future economic, commerce, tourism and leisure hub in Kowloon East.
Study Background. The City of Fulshear is located in northwest Fort Bend County, at the crossroads of FM 359 and FM 1093. It is rapidly transforming from a rural community to a suburban hot spot. According to the Metropolitan Transit Authority of Xxxxxx County (METRO) 2016 Long Range Plan, there are significant amounts of daily trips that originated in Fulshear and the surrounding area to Downtown Houston, Energy Corridor and Westchase District. Most of these trips are using the I-10 and Westpark Tollway to access these employment centers. To reduce the pressure on I- 10 and Westpark Tollway, the City of Fulshear and FBCPT are investigating the feasibility of transit service to and from the City of Fulshear. The Fulshear Transit Feasibility Study will consider the potential for transit and high-capacity transit opportunities within the city and potential transit connections to the rest of the Greater Houston area. The Study will leverage existing planning resources, datasets, and input from a wide array of stakeholders to draw conclusions and make final recommendations. The objectives of the Study are to:
Study Background. The Millennium Water Program in Kenya (MWP-K) is a consortium of non-governmental organizations including CARE, Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Food for the Hungry, WaterAid and others that seeks to address these needs to improve the health of rural Kenyan communities. MWP-K constructs water, sanitation and hygiene facilities in arid and semi-arid lands through community promotion and training, school engagement and infrastructure development; facilitates the formation of school WASH clubs and disseminate health messages through schools to families; aims to alter behaviors by education, training and generating demand for WASH services and products. Within the consortium, partners apply different strategies to address the challenge. CARE shares costs of construction and provides technical support with communities, whereas CRS focuses solely on promotional campaigns and behavioral changes, without provision of financial compensation (Emory University Center for Global Safe Water, 2012). Emory Center for Global Safe Water is a partner with the MWP-K and provides research support to study and strengthen intervention methods. In 2010, a baseline survey conducted by Emory University Center for Global Safe Water in cooperation with MWP-K shows that that in Garissa, Northeastern Province, practice of proper sanitation is low, as 61.1% of households reportedly have no toilets, and most practice open defecation. In the area where there are community toilets, about 57.5% of the respondents do not use them (Emory University Center for Global Safe Water, 2010). These statistics indicate that more work is needed and perhaps new intervention method should be devised. Research Questions What are facilitators and barriers for latrine construction in Garissa and Xxxx River districts, Northeastern Kenya? • Identify all drivers and barriers for latrine construction and use that are pertinent to the local population and cultures • Explore gender discrepancy in ranking different drivers and barriers • Compare difference in attitudes and perceptions of sanitation uptake between supply-led intervention villages and motivation-driven intervention villages Study Site and Population Northeastern Kenya is generally dry and hot most of the year. Temperatures range between 20ºC to 38ºC. The district has bimodal types of rainfall: long rains (March to April) and short rains (October to December). The annual rainfall is within the range of 180 mm to 300 mm. The region is inhabited by pre...
