July 2022. Progress Report A progress report based on monitoring and data collection methods agreed between the Parties, for the period 1 July 2022 to 31 December 2022, as set out in Item E.4 31 January 2023 Progress Report A progress report based on monitoring and data collection methods agreed between the Parties, for the period 1 January 2023 to 30 June 2023, as set out in Item E.4 31 July 2023
July 2022. Chap. 5: last paragraph on emergency plan reworded; Chap. 6.1: Requirements on the external services edited; Chap. 7.2: "Critical part" marking to documentation added; Chap. 7.4: Guidelines for calibration reworded; Chap. 7.4.1: Requirements for the measurement protocol reg. the FAI- report added; Chap. 9: Necessity for FAI-report added; Chap. 11: Paragraph on complaint costs reworded; Chap.:15: Validity and acceptance of QAA defined; Appendix 1 updated;
July 2022. The reasons for the EU’s high dependency on imports of Russian natural gas are related to the structure of the energy market. First of all, Russia is home to the world’s largest natural gas reserves. According to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), Russia has proven natural gas reserves of about 47,8 trillion cubic meters, while Iran follows with 34 trillion cubic meters, Qatar with 23,9 trillion cubic meters in reserves, Saudi Arabia with 15,9 trillion cubic meters, the US with 13,2 trillion cubic meters, and Turkmenistan with 11,3 trillion cubic meters in reserves. Other countries on the list hold less than 10 trillion cubic meters of natural gas reserves. For example, Azerbaijan’s total natural gas reserves are estimated at 1,7 trillion cubic meters, according to the EIA, or 2,5 trillion cubic meters, according to BP. Azerbaijan ranks 15th-20th in the world in gas reserves. Volume of reserves does not imply large-scale production. Thus, the US, which ranks 5th, is the world’s largest producer of natural gas. US natural gas production in 2021 totaled 965 billion cubic meters, which represents a commanding 23,1% share of global natural gas production, ahead of Russia (762,3 billion cubic meters of natural gas or 17%) and Iran (256,3 billion cubic meters). That is, despite the fact that there is no significant difference between Russia and Iran in terms of natural gas reserves, Russia produces a three-times greater amount of gas per year. The two countries accounted for 40% of the world’s natural gas production in 2021. The US, which has a large-scale extraction industry, is also the world’s top consumer of natural gas, consuming 88% of the natural gas it produces. The US accounts for 20,5% of the world’s natural gas consumption. Russia is ranked second in terms of consumption, accounting for 11,8% of the world’s natural gas consumption and 67,6% of the natural gas it produces. And, as you can see, unlike the United States, 32,4% of the production in Russia remains for export. Because of this surplus, Russia is the world’s largest supplier of natural gas. In 2021, Russia exported 251 billion cubic meters of natural gas; that is equal to the total production of Iran, 165 bcm of which was piped to Europe. Russia also owns the world’s second-largest gas transmission system with a total length of 172 thousand kilometers. The US has the largest such system. The availability of necessary infrastructure and geographical proximity makes the EU more dep...
