CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY Sample Clauses

CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY. The second Decision Support System (DSS) Service Level Agreement (SLA) has been in operation for approximately eight months. During this time CMR personnel, with assistance of BRS, developed time-series models for six new ports, life-cycle models for eight target species, constructed a world ports database and made significant amendments to the data held in the port infection database and the vessel infection database. These deliverables complete the first four objectives that were outstanding at the end of the first DSS SLA. In addition new recipient port survival models have been developed for all ports that CMR hold suitable data for, and extended to all Australian ports via the development of a quasi-likelihood model. These new models facilitated the development of the new risk assessment tables. Three iterations of these tables have been completed since the second SLA commenced, and these will be finalized once the on-going consultation with stakeholders is complete. These deliverables complete the fifth objective of this SLA, and represent substantial progress towards the completion of the sixth. In addition CMR personnel have attended two NIMPCG meetings, two NIMPCG organised workshops and responded to numerous information requests from NIMPCG representatives, as required under objectives 12, 13 and 14. REFERENCES Agressi A. (2002), Categorical Data Analysis. Xxxx Xxxxx & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 710 pp. Anon (2003), The Report of the High Level Officials Working Group on Governance, Legislative and Funding arrangements for a National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions, Australian Government Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra, Australia, 82 pp. Xxxxx S. C. and Xxxx A. L. (2002), Assessment of Options for the Ballast Water Decision Support System. Fisheries and Aquaculture Branch, Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry – Australia, Canberra, Australia, 65 pp. Fairplay (2002), Ports Guide 2001 – 2002. Fairplay Publications Ltd., London, England. Xxxxx X. X. (2003), Ballast Water Decision Support System (DSS) Service Level Agreement (SLA) – Part II , Project Proposal. CSIRO Marine Research, Hobart, Australia, 11pp. Xxxxx K. R and Xxxxx C. (2003), DSS Service Level Agreement – Final Report. Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests, CSRIO Marine Research, Hobart, Australia, 91 pp. Xxxxx X. X. and McEnnulty F. (2002), DSS Service Level Agreement – Interim Report. Centre for Research on Intr...
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CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY. In the present report of the Deliverable D2.5 on “Uncertainty and Robustness”, current state of the art approaches in model validation and uncertainty estimation are reviewed and their limitations are briefly described. The focus of the report is on model use for regulatory purposes and therefore, the different uncertainty approaches in Air Quality Assessment, Health Impact Assessment and Integrated Assessment Modelling are considered, in view of the EU legislation requirements. Information for this review was derived from published scientific papers and from the answers received in response to the questionnaire distributed within the framework of APPRAISAL activities. Model quality assessment and evaluation methods are examined separately for model use in relation to Air Quality Planning and for model use in relation to other purposes, e.g. Air Quality Assessment or research projects. The main outcome from the analysis of the questionnaire replies indicates that model evaluation and uncertainty estimation is more regularly performed in air quality modelling, while it is not often applied in other IAM components such as for example in the case of HIA applications. Operational and diagnostic evaluation are the evaluation methods preferred both in the case of modelling for the purpose of air quality planning as well as for research projects. For the purpose of Air Quality Plans, expert judgement is also frequently used. Uncertainty propagation methodologies are also used, although not so often, to quantify confidence levels of Air Quality model results. The needs that emerged from the replies were related to the quality and quantity of input and validation data and to the improvement of modelling tools and the use of best modelling practices. Many replies reported the need for the establishment of an evaluation protocol in order to standardise and harmonise validation and uncertainty estimation methods in EU countries.
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CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY. The economic function of patents is to protect inventors from being imitated, and hence to provide them with an incentive to perform research and development, and to commercialize the inventions that stem from it. Patents are one particular way of solving the problem of market failure that arises because technological knowledge is, to a certain extent, a so-called public good. Patents grant their holder a monopoly right to apply or sell a product or process for a limited period of time. Besides the positive impact of this monopoly on the incentive for invention, there are also certain negative aspects of such a monopoly. These are mainly related to the fact that, from a societal point of view, a monopolist producer charges too high prices for its product, and this causes welfare loss for consumers. Patents also have an impact on the future rate of invention, because they generate so-called spillovers as a by-product of the invention process. Examples of spillovers are when an invention generates an idea (possibly in somebody else’s brain) for a new invention. Such spillover effects are especially valuable from an economic point of view, because they are an important impetus to economic growth. Microeconomic models analyze the beneficial aspects of patents and compare them to the welfare losses implied by the monopoly. In this way, an ‘optimal’ design of the patent system, in terms of the duration (length) of a patent and the scope of protection (breadth) can be determined. However, these models have two main advantages. First, they do not generally consider the dynamic aspects of patents, i.e., they do not take into account the impact of technology spillovers on the future rate of invention (exceptions to this tendency have been mentioned above). Second, the models are usually so abstract that their practical implications are weak. Reviewing some of the recent more qualitative literature on patent breadth, the paper arrived at the conclusion that when technological spillovers are strong, broad patents may be potentially hampering for the future rate of invention. In some fields of new technology, such as genetics, the danger of too broad patents seems to be very real. The final, admittedly somewhat paradoxical, message of the paper is therefore that patents are of crucial importance to economic growth, but that, especially in fields where spillovers are strong, patents should not be very broad. References Xxxxxxx, X. and X. Xxx xx Xxxx (1995). Innovation S...
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CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY. ‌ In order to effectively provide resource planning capabilities, a system needs the ability to retrieve enough in- formation of the underlying infrastructures. The Resource Orchestrator (RO) is a new soGware module in the XXXXX Framework whose objective is to intercept and examine each experimenter request, then evaluate the fea- sibility of the requested operation and finally steer to the appropriate destination. The process of determining its feasibility is carried out by comparing against monitored data (either from its internal database or from the Monitoring System) and taking advantage of the overall view it keeps on the infrastructure(s) below. This document has presented this module and two of the Resouce Managers, namely the Computing Re- source Manager (C-RM) and the SoGware-Defined Networking Resource Manager (SDN-RM). AGer a brief introduction of the general architecture of the XXXXX Framework, in which we highlighted the key functionalities of each component, we have described the RO, the C-RM and the SDN-RM and provided high- level implementation details on their design, internal structure and documented the exposed interfaces. We have also introduced a set of sequence diagrams and flow charts to explain the internal workflow of the most relevant functions and the inter-module communication required by each module to realize its basic functions. We pointed out that the key module presented in this deliverable, the RO, is developed from scratch dur- ing the Y2 of the project and so it must undergo through iterative stages of refinement during the integration stage with other components and the evaluation of the XXXXX Use Cases. The Computing and SoGware-Defined Networking Resource Managers are, in turn, devoted to allocating and provisioning their specific resources. In conformance with the XXXXX commitment to reuse existing modules, the latter two are based on the ones pro- vided by the XXXXXX project and are subsequently extended as needed to meet the XXXXX requirements and Use Cases. In the final sections of the document we have presented the deployment of every soGware component into the physical infrastructure along with their requirements and dependencies. The installation and configuration steps and examples on the key operations are also provided. Future work is addressed towards the integration of the different soGware modules into the large-scale and distributed XXXXX infrastructure. We aim to present the six Use Cases defined into the D2.1 del...
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