Pathways of Exposure and Human Health Sample Clauses

Pathways of Exposure and Human Health. The three major routes through which chemical and microbial pollutants enter the human body are by ingestion (water, food, soil), inhalation (airborne), and dermal contact (skin exposure). The goal of the Lake Erie LaMP is “to restore and protect the beneficial uses of Lake Erie, such as safe beaches, clean drinking water and healthy fish and wildlife populations” (Lake Erie LaMP Status Report, 1999). Awareness of the underlying causes of these restrictions (e.g. chemical and microbial contaminants) and the associated health consequences will allow public health agencies to develop societal responses protective of public health. Desired outcomes for human health and the exposure pathways they relate to are identified in Table 6.1. Table 6.1: Human Health-Related Desired Outcomes, and Pathways of Exposure Desired Outcomes Pathway of Exposure Fishable - We can all eat any fish Ingestion of food (fish) Drinkable - Treated drinking water is safe for humanconsumption; We can all drink the water Ingestion of water Swimmable - All beaches are open and available for public swimming; We can all swim in the water Incidental ingestion of water, dermal contact, inhalation of water spray from splashing, etc. The scope of the Lake Erie LaMP includes pathways of exposure through the water. Therefore, air pollution is not discussed in this human health paper. Nonetheless, air pollution as it relates to the air we breathe is a key health issue for the Lake Erie basin, and programs and initiatives are in place in both the U.S. and Canada that address this issue. For the United States, the Clean Air Act, implemented by the U.S. EPA and state agencies, is primarily responsible for ensuring the quality of ambient air by regulating point and mobile source emissions to the environment (for more information refer to xxxx://xxx.xxx.xxx/oar/ oarhome.html). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration implements the Occupational Safety and Health Act which protects health in the workplace - including health related to air quality (for more information refer to xxxx://xxx.xxxx.xxx). In Canada, Health Canada conducts air pollution health effects research, risk assessments and exposure guidelines creation through the Air Pollution Health Effects Research Program in its Environmental Health Directorate (xxxx://xxx.xx-xx.xx.xx/ehp/ehd/bch/ air_quality.htm). The Province of Ontario also has programs targeted at the protection of humans from exposure to air pollution. The critical pol...
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