Diarrhea. (9) Excessive or diminished urination.
Diarrhea. 2. Vomiting
Diarrhea of children who know the treatment of diarrhea is oral saline % of children who know how to make oral saline WASH % of children know what is a sanitary latrine — one that is clean, with no visible feces on the floor, no smell or flies Appendix 4: List of schools selected for the KAP survey; Meherpur, 2013 SL Name of Primary School School Type Union Sub-district Survey date Team # 1 Vatpara GPS GPS Dhankhola Gangni 20.06.13 1 2 Dharmochaki GPS GPS Shaharbati Gangni 20.06.13 2 3 Dhapa GPS GPS Dhankhola Gangni 20.06.13 3 4 Hariadoho GPS GPS Raypur Gangni 20.06.13 4 5 Khorompur RNGPS RNGPS Dhankhola Gangni 22.06.13 1 6 Anandobash RNGPS RNGPS Raypur Gangni 22.06.13 2 7 Bhomordah RNGPS RNGPS Shaharbati Gangni 22.06.13 3 8 Barshibaria RNGPS Pirojpur Sadar 22.06.13 4 9 Horirampur GPS GPS Buripota Sadar 23.06.13 1 10 Shalika RNGPS RNGPS Buropota Sadar 23.06.13 2 11 Kutubpur GPS GPS Kutubpur Sadar 23.06.13 3 12 Hannangonj GPS Amjhupi Sadar 23.06.13 4 13 Uzalpur GPS GPS Kutubpur Sadar 24.06.13 1 14 Shaid Captain GPS Municipality Sadar 24.06.13 2 15 Moyamari GPS Amjhupi Sadar 23.06.13 3 16 Patkelpota RNGPS Pirojpur Sadar 24.06.13 4 17 Subidpur RNGPS RNGPS Kutubpur Sadar 26.06.13 1 18 Sunapur RNGPS RNGPS Pirojpur Sadar 26.06.13 2 19 Babupur GPS GPS Mohajanpur Mujibnagar 26.06.13 3 20 Anandobash GPS GPS Bagoan Mujibnagar 26.06.13 4 21 Bagoan RNGPS RNGPS Bagoan Mujibnagar 01.07.13 1 22 Gangni Madrasha Madrasha Municipality Gangni 01.07.13 2 23 Meherpur Mohila Madrasha Madrasa Municipality Sadar 01.07.13 3 24 Ayeshanagar Dakhil Madrasa Madrasha Mohajanpur Mujibnagar 01.07.13 4 Team: 1 Xxxxxx Xxxx, Xxxx, Xxxxxxx Team: 2 Obaidur, Rukaiya, Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Team: 3 Shiplu, Xxxxx, Xxxxxx Xxxxx Team: 4 Uzzal, Rubana, Rehena Appendix 5: KAP student questionnaire; English version, 2013 (Final format in Tangerine software)
Diarrhea. While diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity in Liberia, it was found to be relatively low at baseline in Grand Cape Mount County, with a rate of 30.1%. The project was able to lower this rate significantly, to a level of only 14.8%, by the end of the project. While at baseline 74.2% of mothers treated their child’s diarrhea with Oral Rehydration Solution and/or a recommended home fluid, only 51.7% of mothers offered their child more breast milk or fluid and only 18.2% of mothers offered their child more or the same amount of food when their child had diarrhea. By final, the use of Oral Rehydration Solution and/or a recommended home fluid was 84.1%, but this was not significantly higher than the baseline, due to the fact that that the baseline was quite high as well. However, 84% is a very high percentage. There was a significant increase in the percentage of mothers who offered their child more breast milk or fluid, with a rate of 88.6%, and also a significant increase in the percentage of mothers who offered their child more or the same amount of food when their child had diarrhea, at a rate of 57.5%. In addition, at baseline only 28.1% of mothers sought appropriate outside advice or treatment for their child with diarrhea. This was also significantly increased to 72.7%. At baseline the percentage of mothers of children 0-23 months who lived in households with soap at the place for hand washing and who reported washing their hands with soap at least 2 of the appropriate times during a 24 hour recall period was only 19.0%. The project was able to significantly raise the percentage of mothers who used soap and washed their hands appropriately from 19% at baseline to 87.7% at final. In addition, the percentage of households in GCM County that have access to an improved water source was significantly increased from 72.0% at baseline to 92.7% at final. However, the percentage of households that treat water effectively was not significantly changed from baseline (21.7%) to final (18.7%). The main reason for this was the fact that 92.7% of households were provided with improved water sources and the diarrhea rate is very low at 14.8%. It was therefore very difficult to motivate households to spend the time and expense to treat water when they were not overly concerned with the diarrhea rate in comparison to the other health problems they were encountering.
Diarrhea. Diarrhea is a common side effect of HIV infection and of study treatment (in particular of LPV/RTV and ddI), and often subsides after several weeks of antiretroviral treatment. If no infectious cause of diarrhea is found and onset is temporally related to new medication, symptomatic management with antidiarrheal agents is appropriate. Grade ≥3 If Grade ≥3 diarrhea persists beyond 14 days of symptomatic management, then all study treatment should be held. Upon resolution to Grade ≤2 or to the pre-entry/entry value, then restart study treatment at full doses. If Grade ≥3 diarrhea recurs upon the resumption of study treatment despite symptomatic management, study treatment should again be interrupted and alternative antiretroviral agents should be considered in consultation with the A5208/OCTANE CMC.
Diarrhea. 1. If a child has one episode of diarrhea, we will separate him/her from the group and watch for other signs of illness for the remainder of the day.
Diarrhea. A national survey found that the two week diarrhea prevalence for children U5 years is 17%, 35% of whom are treated with ORS or a salt-sugar solution.39 Almost one-third (32%) of children with diarrhea are given less to drink, and 75% are given less to eat.40 Harmful practices include enemas for treatment and abrupt weaning due to the belief that defective breastmilk causes diarrhea.41 Only one-third (35%) of rural Burundians have sustainable access to improved sanitation42 and 78% have sustainable access to an improved water source.43 It is commonly believed that children’s feces do not carry diseases, so some people leave their feces in the open air.44 A CDC study on dysentery in Kibuye found that being female, using a cloth rag after defecation, a history of recent weight loss, and not washing hands before preparing food were associated with contracting the disease. The study recommends community-based interventions to increase hand washing to control future Shigella epidemics.45 According to the February 2008 baseline KPC, 23.7% of children aged 0-23 months had an episode of diarrhea in the previous two weeks; 43.7% of those received treatment with ORS or recommended home fluids. While 63.4% of those with diarrhea received continued or increased feeding, only 32.4% were offered increased fluids. The program will work to increase these rates to 80 and 70 percent respectively. Currently only 18% of mothers wash hands their hands with soap at two or more appropriate times. Vaccine Preventable Diseases The standard immunization regimen for infants in Burundi includes the GAVI-supported pentavalent vaccine. EPI coverage estimates vary widely, a 2006 study found measles coverage of 12-23 month olds was 30%, significantly lower than the 75% estimates from 2004. 46 In Kibuye, 75.9% of children age 12-23 months have at least 3 vaccinations on their health cards.47 Drug and vaccine stockouts are less frequent under a new arrangement, whereby the health centers report service statistics on care provided free to children U5 and pregnant women and are reimbursed in drugs. Provision of essential medicine kits by UNICEF also helps.48 GAVI funds support continued supply of vaccines for EPI. Some health centers conduct EPI outreach while smaller centers offer immunizations only at facilities. Semi-annual Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Weeks provide Vitamin A and maternal iron supplementation, mebendazole (for de-worming), and recover immunization defaulters, but short...
Diarrhea. Diarrhea was the primary health outcome of interest for this study and was recorded as yes or no in response to the survey question, “Have any of your children had diarrhea within the last two weeks (3 or more loose stools in a day)?” There were 21 cases of diarrhea (13.8%) reported by 152 participants, with nine of those cases reported in Ngolala Junction. Additionally, five cases were reported in Mogborie, and four cases were reported in Mokpangumba. In Ngolala, two cases of diarrhea were reported followed by just one case in Senehun. Table 1 includes all data for diarrhea. Chi-square Analysis Individual WASH factors and the outcome of interest, diarrhea, were analyzed using the Chi-square goodness of fit test. The results of this analysis can be found in Table 2 below. The Chi-square value for type of toilet as the independent variable with diarrhea was 1.36 (p=0.244) with 15 of the 21 cases of diarrhea coming from those who use unimproved sanitation facilities. The Chi-square value for type of water source as the independent variable with diarrhea was 1.16 (p=0.281) with 17 of the 21 cases of diarrhea coming from those who use unprotected water
Diarrhea. If a child has two or more loose stools (unformed or watery) in a day, he/she must stay home until 24 hours after the diarrhea stops. A child with diarrhea may be admitted to class only with a written statement from the doctor stating the cause of the diarrhea and that it is not contagious. Children who regularly have soft stools when cutting new teeth may be admitted on a special condition that no other symptoms are present. Children with soft stools caused by antibiotic medication with a note from a doctor stating the cause will be admitted.
Diarrhea. While diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity in Liberia and GCM County, due to seasonal fluctuations the prevalence of diarrhea at the time of the baseline KPC survey was 30.1%, which is somewhat lower than found at other times of the year. Poor hand washing practices, poor water quality and inappropriate home treatment practices contribute to the high rates of diarrhea. While 74.2% of mothers treated their child’s diarrhea with Oral Rehydration Solution and/or a recommended home fluid, in this context usually coconut water or rice water, only 36.0% of mothers could correctly describe the correct preparation of ORS and there was no way to verify the quality of the home fluid being used. Only 51.7% of mothers offered their child more breastmilk or fluid and only 18.2% of mothers offered their child more or the same amount of food when their child had diarrhea. In the baseline KPC survey the percentage of mothers of children 0-23 months who lived in households with soap at the place for hand washing that washed their hands with soap at least 2 of the appropriate times during a 24 hour recall period was only 19.0%. In addition, while 72.0% of households in GCM County had access to an improved water source, only 21.7% of households were treating water effectively at baseline. Also, only 32.3% of households had access to a sanitary latrine. Key home practices that are emphasized by this project include continued breastfeeding and fluids as well as the frequent feeding of small amounts of food, and catch-up feeding. In the Care Groups and in home visits, CHPs, and HHPs are emphasizing these key home practices, proper hygiene including proper hand washing practices, and proper techniques to store and treat water effectively. The project is coordinating with the CHT to ensure a regular supply of ORT at the community level.
