Counterinsurgency Sample Clauses

Counterinsurgency. ‌ Following World War II, the apparent success of Maoist insurgent doctrine in China encouraged many revolutionary movements to embrace guerrilla warfare as a vehicle of social transformation. Thus, whether motivated by communism, na- tionalism, or religion, this particular technology of rebellion proliferated worldwide throughout the 1950s and 1960s, spawning well-known historical conflicts such as the 1952 Xxx-Xxx uprising in British Kenya, the 1954 nationalist resistance in French Algeria, and the 1966 leftist insurgency in Guatemala — to mention but a few. Xx- xxxxx scholarly work attempting to formulate a theory of COIN response began in xxxxxxx from within the confines of the CIA-funded Center for International Studies (CIS) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Xxxxxxxx 2002; Xxxxxx 1988). The initial thrust of academic thinking on COIN centered on problems associated with economic modernization. Among other things, it was thought that rapid eco- nomic modernization eroded institutions of traditional society without supplanting them with modern ones. The resultant social instability made it possible for various movements to exploit the popular grievances in an effort to xxxxxx civilian support for their revolutionary agendas (Rostow 1959). The basic premise of this approach was that, in order for an insurgency to end, its root causes which generated it in the first place must be addressed. In light of the hypothesized driving force behind insurgency, these early COIN theorists maintained that an effective COIN would have to attempt to ameliorate the negative impact of economic modernization (Xxx 1958). Drawing on psychology and sociology, academics posited socioeconomic inequal- ities and the ensuing psychological frustrations as another negative repercussion of modernization (Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxx 2011). Most notably, Xxx Xxxxxx Xxxx’x relative deprivation theory advanced the notion that intrastate con- flict could occur as an adverse consequence of economic modernization. Specifically, modernization was thought to increase expectations of economic welfare more quickly than those expectations could be met in reality. The resulting unmet needs would then feed popular discontent with the incumbent and in doing so increase the likelihood of insurrection (Xxxxxx 1962; Xxxx 1970; Xxxxxx and Xxxxx 1994). Thus, according to this school of thought, an incumbent would have to target socioeconomic inequality in order to alleviate the confl...
Sample 1
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Counterinsurgency. 1 edition. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. ———. ‘Counter-Insurgency Redux’. Survival 48, no. 4 (1 December 2006): 111–30. xxxxx://xxx. org/10.1080/00396330601062790. Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx X. ‘Countering Global Insurgency’. Journal of Strategic Studies 28, no. 4 (1 August 2005): 597–617. xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1080/01402390500300956. Xxxxx, Xxxxx. ‘From Friends to Enemies: Negotiating nationalism, tribal identities, and kinship in the fratricidal war of the Malian Tuareg’. L’Année du Maghreb, no. VII (20 December 2011): 163–75. xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.4000/anneemaghreb.1191. Korteweg, Rem. ‘Black Holes: On Terrorist Sanctuaries and Governmental Weakness’. Civil Wars 10, no. 1 (1 March 2008): 60–71. xxxxx://xxx.xxx/10.1080/13698240701835482. Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxx. ‘What Are Academic Disciplines? Some Observations on the Disciplinarity vs. Interdisciplinarity Debate’. ESRC National Centre for Research Methods. Universit y of Southhampton, January 2009. xxxxx://xxxx.xx.xx/download/pdf/229991542.pdf. Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxx X. ‘Terrorism and Fear: Do Terrorists Really Want to Scare?’ Critical Studies on Terrorism, 22 May 2017. xxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/doi/abs/10.1080/17539153.2017.13 29080. Xxxx, Xxxxxx X., and Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx. ‘The Strategies of Terrorism’. International Security 31, no. 1 (31 July 2006): 49–79. Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxx. ‘Organized Crime and Conflict in the Sahel-Sahara Region’. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, September 2012. xxxxx://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/files/sahel_sahara.pdf. ———. ‘Organized Crime and Terrorism in the Sahel: Drivers, Actors, Options’. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, January 2011. xxxxx://xxx.xxx-xxxxxx.xxx/en/publication/ organized-crime-and-terrorism-in-the-sahel/. Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx. ‘Mali : Le Mujao Revendique Les Attaques xx Xxx et Kidal’. Zone Militaire / Xxxx000.xxx, 22 February 2013. xxxx://xxx.xxxx000.xxx/2013/02/22/mali-le-mujao- revendique-les-attaques-xx-xxx-et-kidal/. Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, and Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx. Notre guerre secrète au Mali: Les nouvelles menaces contre la France. Paris: Xxxxxx, 2013. Xx Xxxxxxxx. ‘Le terroriste ciblait le musée du Louvre’, 9 July 2014. xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxx.xx/faits- divers/le-terroriste-ciblait-le-musee-du-louvre-09-07-2014-3987735.php. Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxx. ‘Of Mergers, MUJAO, and Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx’. Al-Wasat - الوسط (blog), 23 August 2013. xxxxx://xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxx/2013/08/23/of-mergers-mujao-and-mokhtar- belmokhtar/. ———. ‘The Hotel Attacks and Militant Realignment in the Sahar...
Sample 1
Counterinsurgency 
Sample 1

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