Invertebrates. These studies are summarized in Table 6-5 and discussed in the following subsections. 4 Appendix 7 presents the information in greater detail (Table A7-1 for acute studies and A7-2 for 5 chronic studies). 6 Table 6-5: Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Indaziflam to Aquatic Invertebrates Exposure Duration Species/ Chemical Type of Invertebrate Endpoint Toxicity Measurement Reference (Classification) Acute Water flea AE 1170437 (94.5%) Freshwater Immobility 48 hr EC50 = > 9.88 mg total a.i./L1 48 hr NOAEC = 4.86 mg a.i./L MRID 47443226 (Supplemental) Acute Water flea AE 1170437 SC 500 g/L Freshwater Immobility 48 hr EC50 = > 38 mg total ai/L 48 hr NOAEC = < 2.3 mg total ai/L MRID 47743303 (Supplemental) Acute Water flea BCS-AA10717 SC 200 g/L Freshwater Immobility 48 hr EC50 = 37.5 mg total ai/L 48 hr NOAEC = 8.26 mg total a.i./L MRID 47743304 (Supplemental) Subacute Xxxxx BCS- AA10717 (94.5%) AE 1170437 (90.3% principle a.i.) Freshwater Mortality Pore Water Exposure 10-day LC50 = > 2.2 mg a.i./L 10-day NOAEC = 2.2 mg a.i./L MRID 47443238 (Supplemental) Chronic Water flea BCS-AA10717 (94.5%) AE 1170437 90.3% (principle a.i.) Freshwater Reproduction & Growth2 21-day NOAEC = 340 µg total a.i./L1 21-day LOAEC = 800 µg total a.i./L1 MRID 47443235 (Supplemental) Acute Eastern oyster BCS-AA10717 (94.5%) AE 1170437 (90.32 %) Estuarine/ Marine Shell Deposition 96-hr EC50 = 0.92 mg total a.i./L 96-hr NOAEC = 0.47 mg total a.i./L MRID 47443228 (Supplemental) Acute Saltwater mysid AE 1170437 (94.5%) Estuarine/ Marine Mortality 96-hr LC50 = 1.5 mg a.i./L 96-hr NOAEC = 1.06 mg a.i./L MRID 47443227 (Acceptable) Exposure Duration Species/ Chemical Type of Invertebrate Endpoint Toxicity Measurement Reference (Classification) Subacute Amphipod BCS- Estuarine/ Mortality Pore Water MRID AA10717 Marine Exposure 47443239 (94.5%) 10-day LC50 = > (Supplemental) AE 1170437 3,800 µg a.i./L 90.3% (principle a.i.) Chronic Estuarine/ Marine No studies available
Invertebrates. The octopus, Octopus cyanea, forms the basis of important fisheries in the proposed TBCA. Research conducted on the Tanga coast prior to the establishment of TACMP indicated that densities of octopus were comparatively low with about 0.05 individuals/50m², possibly due to severe fishing pressure(Xxxxx et al., 2007). However, octopus species grow extremely fast, increasing in weight by up to 200g in 10 days, and can potentially support a highly productive fishery if it is well-managed. Population trends within the proposed TBCA should be carefully explored for that purpose. Coconut crab (Birgus latro) is endemic to the lower Mpunguti Island, having previously been more widespread. Coconut crab is the only member of the genus Birgus and is the largest land-living arthropod. Mainly spiny and slipper lobsters are exploited and reported from the proposed TBCA area. A 1995 survey on the Tanzanian side of the border found low counts of lobsters on coastal and inner patch reefs, and no dedicated surveys have been conducted since then. Reef health monitoring recorded that spiny lobster densities seemed to vary largely between closed and open reefs (Xxxxx et al., 2007), and tended to be higher on closed reefs and should be continuously monitored. Low counts of giant clams (Tridacna spp.) and spider conches (Lambis spp.) were recorded for coastal and inner patch reefs in the vicinity of the TACMP (Xxxxx et al., 2007). Populations seemed to have remained relatively stable since that time. Marine Mammals There are some 37 species of marine mammals in the WIO. There are 8 baleen whales, 2 or 3 sperm whales, 13 toothed whales, 13 dolphins, and 1 dugong. The eastern African coastline harbours important breeding grounds for several whale species. About 17 whale and 13 dolphin species are thought to occur in Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya. (Xxxxxxxx and Coles, 2009). The exact number is yet to be determined as marine mammal surveys in the WIO have not been thorough. Whales and dolphins are subject to several chronic dangers. They get entangled in fishing nets and drown. Chemical pollution (heavy metals, pesticides and other toxins) accumulates in their bodies from ingesting contaminated prey. Marine debris, particularly plastics, is mistaken for food. Deep- water beaked whales and delphinids are sensitive to acoustic disturbance caused by offshore exploration for oil and gas (Samoilys et al., 2015).
Invertebrates. Protected invertebrate taxa include Mygalomorph spiders (baboon and trapdoor spiders), scorpion, certain butterfly and, more recently, certain dragonfly species. These are taxa that are either under pressure from collectors for the pet trade, or from habitat transformation and destruction. The aridity of the area makes for a high degree of habitat specialist species. Displacement of these species due to habitat destruction therefore has a negative impact on populations as their degree of adaptability is low. The area is well-known for scorpion diversity. A desktop review of available literature and previous field experience within the area by the field ecologists allowed for the identification of potential and previously-recorded invertebrates and potential habitat to support various RDL invertebrate species to be reviewed that were relevant to the proposed development area. Methodical searching within the set survey sites, where rock turning and xxxxxx excavations were techniques employed to locate invertebrates. No invertebrate species of conservational significance were collected. It should be noted, however, that the survey was undertaken during the winter and that invertebrate observations were expectedly low. Previous survey undertaken during the summer months revealed healthy populations of various scorpion species and baboon spiders (Harpactira and Harpactirella species). The species diversity that was observed therefore is by no means an indication of the complete invertebrate diversity potential of the proposed development site and surrounding area. Butterfly species observed throughout the survey area were all commonly-occurring species, with widespread distributions.
Invertebrates. Longhorn fairy shrimp Brachinecta longiantenna Vernal pool fairy shrimp Brachinecta lynchi Midvalley fairy shrimp Brachinecta mesovallensis Vernal pool tadpole shrimp Lepidurus packardi Plants Mount Diablo manzanita Arctostaphylos auriculata 1 A fully protected species under Section 3511 of the California Fish and Game Code, for which take authorization may not be granted, but which can be included to address its conservation needs in the Planning Area. Brittlescale Atriplex depressa San Xxxxxxx spearscale Atriplex joanquiniana Big tarplant Blepharizonia plumosa Mount Diablo fairy lantern Calochortus pulchellus Recurved larkspur Delphinium recurvatum Diablo helianthella Helianthella castanea Xxxxxx’x dwarf flax Hesperolinon breweri Showy xxxxx Xxxxx radiata Adobe navarretia Navarretia nigelliformis ssp. nigelliformis
Invertebrates. Branchinecta conservation conservancy fairy shrimp E Vernal pools and other seasonal wetlands in valley and foothill grasslands. Typically found in large, turbid pools. Unlikely to occur. Vernal pools are not expected to occur on Xxxxxxx Ranch. Branchinecta lynchi vernal pool fairy shrimp T Vernal pools and other seasonal wetlands in valley and foothill grasslands. Unlikely to occur. Vernal pools are not expected to occur on Xxxxxxx Ranch. Desmocerus californicus dimorphus valley elderberry longhorn beetle T Elderberry shrubs below 3,000 feet in elevation, typically in riparian habitats. Could occur. Potential habitat present within the project site. Lepidurus packardi vernal pool tadpole shrimp T Vernal pools and other seasonal wetlands in valley and foothill grasslands. Unlikely to occur. Vernal pools are not expected to occur on Xxxxxxx Ranch. FISH Acipenser medirostris Green xxxxxxxx T Spawn in late spring and early summer in upper Sacramento River. Juveniles widespread in Sacramento- San Xxxxxxx Delta until entering marine habitats at maturity. Unlikely to occur on Xxxxxxx Ranch, Proposed Action would not result in physical changes to Sacramento River habitat.
Invertebrates. Any animal lacking a backbone, including all species not classified as vertebrates. ISO 14001 An evolving series of generic environmental management system standards developed by the International Standards Organisation that provides business management with a structure for managing environmental impacts. Isopod A type of peracarid crustacean. Istiglal A semi-submersible mobile drilling rig used to drill predrill xxxxx.
Invertebrates. The occurrence of protected species of invertebrates has not been identified with the Contract implementation zone. However, due to the fact that in accordance with the Standard Data Form for Natura 2000 sites Biała Tarnowska PLH 120090 and Dolny Dunajec PLH120085, thick shelled river mussel Unio crassus lives in the river; thus, it is possible that that mussel is also present in a reach of the river-bed running in vicinity of the analyzed site. It is therefore necessary to take special care and apply the requirements in reference to implemented mitigation measures – as determined in Appendix 1 to the EMP – during the construction works. Amphibians and reptiles The occurrence of protected species of amphibians and reptiles and their breeding zones have not been identified within the Contract implementation zone. However, in accordance with the Standard Data Form for Natura 2000 sites Dolny Dunajec PLH 120085 and Biała Tarnowska PLH 120090, within the areas located in a distance of about 3 km – thus, potentially within the Works Contract implementation area – two strictly protected species of amphibians occur, and those are: yellow-bellied toad Bombina variegate, and northern crested newt Triturus cristatus. The inventory of existing embankments also proved the occurrence of one species of reptiles – sand lizard Lacerta agilis, which – in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of October 6, 2014 on the protection of animal species (OJ of 2014, item 1348) – is subject to partial protection. It is therefore necessary to take special care during the performance. No water reservoirs (artificial and natural) – remaining a potential shelter and breeding site for amphibians – would be removed during the performance; thus, there shall be no significant impact on amphibians. The planned construction works may form a risk of trapping and killing for amphibians and reptiles in excavations located within the site. A potential threat is also the traffic of vehicles and machines, which may deteriorate the conditions of occurrence and breeding in vicinity of the Works Contract, or form a direct hazard to life of specimens. Incidents of polluting the water and ground environment may also form a threat to that group of animals. Impact of that type has a potential character, and the performance compliant with conditions determined in Appendix 1 to the EMP (as also discussed under Chapter 6.8) highly reduces its occurrence risk. Birds
Invertebrates. Within 2 years of sediment augmentation, achieve a diversity and abundance of invertebrates within the project sediments that is similar to the selected reference site.
Invertebrates. University Press of Florida. Gainesville, Florida, USA. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 1999. Checklist of Florida’s mammals. Tallahassee, Florida, USA. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2002a. Checklist of Florida’s birds. Tallahassee, Florida, USA. Xxxxxxx, X.X. (ed). 1992. Rare and endangered biota of Florida. Volume II. Fishes. University Press of Florida. Gainesville, Florida, USA. Xxxxxx, X. X. and X. X. Xxxxxxx. 1992. Between the devil and the deep blue sea: implications of climate change for wildlife in Florida. Pages 309-324 in Xxxxxx, X. X. and X. X. Xxxxxxx, editors. Global warming and biological diversity. Yale University Press. New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Xxxx, X. X., Jr. and X. X. Xxxxx. 1990. Florida's birds: a handbook and reference. Pineapple Press, Inc. Sarasota, Florida, USA. Xxxxx, X. X. and X. X. Xxxxxx. 2002. Economic benefits of natural land conservation: case study of northeast Florida. Final report submitted to Defenders of Wildlife in support of sponsored project agreement. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Gainesville, Florida, USA. Xxxxx, X. X. (ed). 1992. Rare and endangered biota of Florida. Volume III. Amphibians and reptiles. University Press of Florida. Gainesville, Florida, USA. Xxxxx, X. X. 1999. Checklist of Florida’s amphibians and reptiles. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Nongame Wildlife Program. Tallahassee, Florida, USA. Xxxxx, X. X. 1990. Scrub and high pine. Pages 150-193 in Xxxxx, X. X. and X. X. Xxxx, editors. Ecosystems of Florida. University of Central Florida Press. Orlando, Florida, USA. Xxxxx, X. X. and X. X. Xxxx (eds). 1990. Ecosystems of Florida. University of Central Florida Press. Orlando, Florida, USA. Xxxxxxx Jr., X. X., X. X. Xxxx XX and X. X. Xxxxx (eds). 1996. Rare and endangered biota of Florida. Volume V. Birds. University Press of Florida. Gainesville, Florida, USA. U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. 2000 Census of Population and Housing. Washington, D.C., USA. [xxxx://xxx.xxxxxx.xxx/main/www/cen2000.html] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau. 2002. National survey of fishing, hunting, and wildlife-associated recreation (2001). Xxxx, X. X. 1990. Historical biogeography. Pages 70-102 in Xxxxx, X. X. and X.X. Xxxx, editors. Ecosystems of Florida. University of Central Florida Press. Orlando, Florida, USA.
Invertebrates. Tehachapi fritillary butterfly (Speyeria egleis tehachapina) FSS Currently limited to the Piute Mountains; utilizes violets as host plants. No effect Project area is outside of known range for this species.
