Schizophrenia. The total amount payable shall not exceed the limit specified in the Schedule of Benefit which shall apply to inpatient, daycare and out-patient treatment in aggregate per Policy Year CONDITIONS
Schizophrenia but does not in- clude children who are socially mal- adjusted, unless it is determined that they are otherwise seriously emotion- ally disturbed.
Schizophrenia. A review of emotional responses in schizophrenia, which included facial expression, was undertaken by Xxxxx and Xxxxx (2008). Facial expression research in schizophrenia has included the largest number of studies (62 in total) compared to other clinical groups, which is no doubt a reflection of the historic theoretical and clinical writings concerning ‘flat affect’ in schizophrenia. Consistently, studies have shown that individuals with schizophrenia are less expressive in positive and negative emotion than individuals without schizophrenia. This has come from methods which have involved elicitation techniques such as film clips, pictures, cartoons, music, foods and social interaction and coding systems ranging from observational to more sensitive methods e.g. EMG (Xxxxx & Xxxxx, 2008). This diversity of elicitation and coding methods makes the consistency in findings even more pertinent. Many of these studies have also measured subjective experience and physiology and importantly these emotional responses are the same in people with schizophrenia as for controls. Thus, there is a discordance between physiological and felt experience with behaviour. This knowledge is important for clinicians working with patients with schizophrenia and for informing treatment programmes. Future research in the field should aim to investigate facial expression in men and women with schizophrenia to understand if there are any gender differences as well as exploring temporal unfolding of expressions to explore conscious and unconscious processes. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Social emotional difficulties lie at the core of ASD. Xxxxxx (1943) described people with autism as having ‘an innate disturbance of affective contact’. Although studies have been published exploring facial expression in children with autism (x.x. Xxxxx et al., 2008; Xxxxxxx et al., 1989), this review omitted them as any differences between groups could be potentially confounded by developmental delay rather than a persisting problem. Three studies were identified which focused on adults or adolescents. Xxxxxxxxx et al (1989) compared facial expressions of 10 high functioning adult male participants with autism with 10 HC whilst participants were read a short story which ended in one of five target emotions which participants were asked to demonstrate. Facial expressions were measured via observational coding. The expressions were judged according to accuracy of expression and also the ‘oddity’ of the...
Schizophrenia. 2.8.1.2 Each DM program shall utilize evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (hereafter referred to as the guidelines) that have been formally adopted by the CONTRACTOR’s Quality Management/Quality Improvement (QM/QI) committee or other clinical committee and patient empowerment strategies to support the provider-patient relationship and the plan of care. For the conditions listed in 2.8.1.1 through 2.8.1.6, the guidelines shall include a requirement to conduct a mental health and substance abuse screening. The DM programs for bipolar disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia shall include the use of the evidence-based practice for co-occurring disorders.
Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterised by positive and /or negative psychotic symptoms. Positive psychotic symptoms include unusual beliefs or ‘delusions’, disorganised speech, and anomalous experiences such as perceptual abnormalities or ‘hallucinations’. Negative psychotic symptoms refer to the absence of typical processes or functions and include flattening of affect, avolition, and catatonia. The symptoms cause significant social and occupational dysfunction, with marked deterioration in at least one major area of functioning such as work, interpersonal relations or self-‐care. In order to receive a diagnosis symptoms must be present for at least one month, with continuous signs of disturbance in occupational or social functioning evident for at least six months. Symptoms cannot be the result of another mental or medical condition, substance misuse or a developmental disorder (DSM-‐5, APA, 2013). Schizophrenia is diagnosed in approximately 1% of the population and affects equivalent numbers of men and women (Xxxxxx et al., 2006). It has a typical onset in late adolescence, although the age of onset is generally a few years later for women. It is ranked in the top 10 disabling disorders worldwide and the economic costs of schizophrenia to society are high due to loss of earnings and healthcare expenditure (WHO, 2001). Rates of unemployment for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia have been reported at 79% across six sites in Europe (Thornicroft et al., 2004). Research suggests that, in the long-‐term, a third of people will recover completely from schizophrenia both symptomatically and socially (Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxxx, 2000; WHO, 2001); however, the course is highly variable and for many it is chronic and severely disabling. Approximately 25% of people will only have one episode of schizophrenia, whereas others will experience relapses, with each relapse predicting worse prognosis for recovery. Ten per cent of people with schizophrenia will commit suicide (Xxxxx & Xxxxxxxxx, 2003) and 30% will attempt it (WHO, 2001).
Schizophrenia. (2) Schizoaffective disorder.
Schizophrenia. 2.8.1.2 Each DM program shall utilize evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (hereafter referred to as the guidelines) that have been formally adopted by t he CONTRACTOR’s Quality Management/Quality Improvement (QM/QI) committee or other clinical committee as a clinical basis for development of program content and plan of care. 2.8.1.3 For the conditions listed in Sections 2.8.1.1.1 through 2.8.1.1.7, the DM Health Risk Assessment shall include screening for mental health and substance abuse. For conditions listed in Sections 2.8.1.1.8 through 2.8.1.1.10, the DM Health Risk Assessment shall include an evaluation for co-occurring disorders. 2.8.1.4 The DM programs shall emphasize the prevention of exacerbation and complications of the conditions as evidenced by decreases in emergency room utilization and inpatient hospitalization and/or improvements in condition-specific health status indicators. 2.8.1.5 The CONTRACTOR shall develop and maintain DM program descriptions. These program descriptions shall include, for each of the conditions listed above, the following: 2.8.1.5.1 The definition of the target population;
Schizophrenia. 2.8.1.2 Each DM program shall utilize evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (hereafter referred to as the guidelines) that have been formally adopted by the CONTRACTOR’s Quality Management/Quality Improvement (QM/QI) committee or other clinical committee and patient empowerment strategies to support the provider-patient relationship and the plan of care. For the conditions listed in
