Scope and required operating conditions. The scope of those protocols is to simulate the use phase of commercially available textiles containing nanomaterials. Particularly to evaluate the release rates of nanoparticles from textile during washing cycles following the ISO 105-C06:1994 and ISO 6330:2012.
Scope and required operating conditions. The scope of this protocol is to simulate the aging of polymers in water. Particularly to evaluate the release of nanoparticles from polymers debris when they are in the environment (water compartment).
Scope and required operating conditions. This procedure describes a method to determine the potential emission level of nanoparticles from different commercial composite products. This procedure could also be used to determine personal exposure level of practitioner when performing abrasion tests on different composite products. The aim of this SOP is also the development and implementation of “resistance” tests for materials incorporating nanoparticles. Thanks to the Xxxxx Abrader, it is possible to deduce the effect of the aging on the resistance material. Weight mass loss deduced by the difference of specimen weight before and after abrasion is one of the possible evaluations with the Xxxxx device. Another possible measurement is the Xxxxx Wear Index. It indicates the rate of wear and calculates by measuring the loss in weight (in milligrams) per thousand cycles of abrasion. The lower the wear index is, the better the abrasion resistance is. ⮚ Nano-enabled paints and coatings To perform accelerated wear testing for paint samples, the XXXXX® Rotary Platform Abrasion Tester (Model 5135 or 5155) is commonly used. The Xxxxx Abraser (Abrader) rapidly became the world standard for evaluating abrasion resistance. This precision built instrument is capable of providing reliable data in a matter of minutes compared to the years that may be required by in-use testing. International Standard ISO 7784-1 specifies the conditions of paints abrasion with a Xxxxx. Xxxxx tests involve mounting a flat specimen of about 100 mm² of surface or a round specimen of about 10 cm of diameter to a turntable platform that rotates on a vertical axis at a fixed speed. The standard material thickness that can be evaluated with the Xxxxx Rotary Abraser is 6.35 mm (materials greater than 6.35 mm but less than 40 mm can be tested with optional accessories). Two genuine Xxxxx abrasive wheels, on which a specific pressure is applied, are lowered onto the specimen surface. ⮚ Nanocomposites For nanocomposites materials like tyres, specific International Standard was published with the number ISO 5470-1. This standard is entitled Rubber or plastic coated fabrics – Determination of abrasion resistance – Part 1: Xxxxx abrader specifies the abrasion conditions with a Xxxxx. Another possibility is to use a home-made apparatus for the abrasion. This apparatus is composed of a weighing scale, an abrasive paper stuck with a double-face scotch tape, a circular support connected to an electric drill on which the sample is stuck with a doubl...
Scope and required operating conditions. Coatings from paints, varnishes and similar materials are often used outdoors or in indoor locations where they are exposed to solar radiation or to solar radiation behind glass for long periods. It is therefore very important to determine the effects of solar radiation, heat, moisture and other climatic stresses on the colour and other properties of polymers. Therefore, it can be interesting and time-saving to perform artificial accelerated weathering or artificial accelerated irradiation exposures that use specific laboratory light sources in order to assess the effects of light, heat and moisture on the physical, chemical and optical properties of coatings. The aim of this SOP is the development and implementation of aging / weathering tests for paints and coatings incorporating nanoparticles. To that purpose we will use the following instruments that are complying with ISO 11507 / ISO16474 and ISO 4892 respectively: - Accelerated weathering tester (Q-UV from Q-LAB) that allows UV irradiation, heat and water spray. The irradiance spectrum is increased in the UV region to provide accelerated degradation of the samples. - Xenon test chamber (Q-SUN from Q-LAB) that allows light irradiation, heat, moisture and water spray. The irradiance is close to the solar spectrum with enhanced energy. Both instruments will also be used for artificial weathering of other products containing nanoparticles such as nanocomposites and the procedure will be adapted accordingly.
Scope and required operating conditions. This procedure describes a method to collect the data necessary to measure indirectly the release rate of nanoaerosols generated by a polluting process placed in a fume cupboard (or in a similar ventilated enclosure). From these data, the source term of the polluting process is made available, which is essential for exposure modeling among others. The underlying source estimation method relies on the construction of a transfer function between the source term and the concentration signal measured in the exhaust duct of the fume cupboard. In a first step, this transfer function is calibrated experimentally by using a controlled nanoparticle source (NaCl solution nebulizer) and measuring simultaneously the concentration signal in the exhaust duct. In a second step, the concentration signal obtained when the polluting process of interest operates is recorded. Starting from this concentration signal, the transfer function is inverted so as to reconstruct the source term of the process. The underlying hypothesis is that the concentration signal convolves linearly with the emission rate of the process, which is only verified if the velocity field of the carrier flow remains stable throughout the experiment1, a corollary being that the studied process must little affect the airflows with respect to the calibration situation. This is facilitated by the strong mixing occurring naturally in the fume cupboard (turbulence and distribution plenum), assisted by a small mixing fan: the effect of the process on the global airflow becomes insignificant. Note that the transfer function must be recalibrated at each significant modification of the airflow in the fume cupboard, before trying to estimate the release rate of a polluting process. The method provides time-resolved data. Note that if the flow rate of the fume cupboard is simultaneously recorded, an estimation of the amount of aerosol deposited on the surfaces of the fume cupboard is possible.
