Setup of experiments Sample Clauses

Setup of experiments. The tests for paints and coating samples will follow the exposure cycles from NF EN ISO 16474-3, particularly Method C, cycle n°5: - A first exposure in the Q-UV instrument of the samples to a dry atmosphere and to an irradiance of 0.71 W/m2 at 310 nm using the UVB-313 lamp at 50°C for 5 hours, - A second exposure under water spray with the UV lamps off at 25°C for 1 hour - Those two cycles are repeated one after the other over a total of 500h ⮚ Procedure for an experiment using the Q-SUN or Q-UV apparatuses: - Put on protective equipment (gloves, glasses and laboratory coat) - Clean the plate where samples will settle using wipes and deionized water - Start a cleaning procedure (see below) and empty the drain water collector - Fix the sample on the main plate and check if the correct side is oriented towards the lamps - Close the door of the apparatus - Turn on the equipment and program the weathering cycles to be applied (temperature, moisture, irradiance, water spray, time …) - Start the program - Once the program ended, take the samples out and collect the drain water if needed - Start a cleaning procedure (see below) - Turn off the apparatus ⮚ Cleaning procedure: - Check the irradiation chamber is empty - Start the cleaning program (water spray for 24h, lamps off, room temperature) - empty the drain water collector The sanding procedure could be applied to artificially aged material in order to evaluate the influence of the aging / weathering on the release of nanoparticles from paints, coatings or composites.

Setup of experiments. The sportswear textiles will be washed to investigate and characterize the release of nanomaterials into the water compartment, according to the following procedures.

Setup of experiments. The experimental setup to perform the source estimation is depicted on Figure 19.

Setup of experiments. The 200 mg of fine particles of polymer will be divided in 10 lots of 20mg (5 lots aged under UV and 5 lots aged in the dark). The aging of the polymer fine particles will be studied by introducing 20 mg of the fine particles powder into a large mouth 1L PTFE beaker containing 200 mL of ultrapure/sterile water. Then NaCl will be added to reach a concentration of 10-2 mol/l. Aging is simulated by submitting these mixtures (100 mg/l ± 3 mg/l of fine particles) to magnetic stirring at 400 rpm. Natural sunlight is simulated using a sodium discharged 400W lamp, located 30 cm from the open reactor, and continuously cooled via a connection to air extraction. The temperature is maintained at 24 (±4 °C). Water loss from the sample due to evaporation will be compensated for by adding appropriate amounts of sterile water (NaCl 10-2 Mol/l) to the reactor on a daily basis. The experiments will be performed over a whole week (seven days). To study the aging of fine particles of each polymer samples in the absence of light, the reactor will be covered and capped with aluminum foil. These samples will be subjected to the same procedure under the same time and temperature conditions except that LDPE bottles will be used instead of PTFE under light. During all aging experiments, the solution pH and conductivity will not be modified and will be checked every day in one bottle of each condition to avoid particle lose in other 4 bottles.

Setup of experiments. The setup combines a mechanical solicitation tool with a sampling line where several counters, granulometers and samplers will be connected. The sampling line will be located at the closest point where the abrasion occurs between the sample and the tool (usually 5 cm). The sampling line will allow a complete characterization of the aerosol (particle size distribution, particle number evolution with time, physical-chemical characterization of the collected particles…). HEPA Filtered Gloves Box is used to provide a leak-tight physical barrier to protect operator from hazardous airborne particulates and powders but also to protect analysis from a potential pollution. The volume of the cubic chamber is 0.2 m3. Ventilation hoods are installed and 2 levels of ventilation rates are available. Two small holes were drilled on the wall for the collection of particles by the sampler. A HEPA filter H14 is used in order to limit the initial presence of particles in the atmosphere and the air is sucked up at 10 cm/s of speed. Figure 7 represents an experimental setup to perform the abrasion tests where the abrasion is achieved by an electric driller for nanocomposite materials. ⮚ Nano-enabled paints and coatings In the case of paints and coatings, a ▇▇▇▇▇ Abraser will be preferred and will be place in the glove box (Figure 8). In the case of the use of the ▇▇▇▇▇ abrader, a specific rotation speed and an abrasive paper which are consistent with the ISO standard is applied. The sampler suck up the aerosol and the particles are analyzed with CPC, FMPS and ELPI. ELPI membranes might be additionally studied by SEM/EDX for morphologic and chemical analysis. Each sample has to be tested several times (at least two times). ⮚ Nanocomposites Figure 9 shows a nanocomposite sample place between the rotating plate connected to an electric driller placed out of the glove box (below) and the sanding paper with a weight (above). ⮚ Generic procedure for an experiment: - Put on protective equipment (gloves, glasses and laboratory coat). - Clean the glove box and check the filter. - Ensure that the ventilation of the gloves box is turned on at the correct rate. - Fix the sample on the ▇▇▇▇▇ abrader or on the circular support accordingly to the description above. - Fix the abrasive paper on the wheels of the ▇▇▇▇▇ or on the specific support accordingly to the description above. - Close the door of the glove box. - Turn on the ELPI and the pump. The equipment has to be clean with a pure air...