DERIVATIVE WARRANTS. Derivative warrants are an instrument that gives an investor the right but not the obligation to “buy” or “sell” an underlying asset at a pre-set price prior to a specified expiry date. At expiry, settlement is usually made in cash rather than a purchase or sale of the underlying asset. Derivative warrants can be issued over a range of assets, including stocks, stock indices, currencies, commodities, or a basket of securities. They are generally divided into two types: calls and puts. Holders of call warrants have the right, but not obligation, to purchase from the issuer a given amount of the underlying asset at a predetermined price (also known as the exercise price) within a certain time period. Conversely, holders of put warrants have the right, but not obligation, to sell to the issuer a given amount of the underlying asset at a predetermined price within a certain time period.
DERIVATIVE WARRANTS. 5.1(b).1 Derivative warrants are issued by financial institutions. Unlike subscription warrants which must be call warrants, derivative warrants can be call or put warrants. Most of the derivative warrants in the market have a shorter life, ranging from 6 months to 2 years normally, although the current Listing Rules allow a maximum life of 5 years.
DERIVATIVE WARRANTS a) Time decay risk All things being equal, the value of a derivative warrant will decay over time as it approaches its expiry date. Derivative warrants should therefore not be viewed as long term investments.
DERIVATIVE WARRANTS. Time decay risk All things being equal, the value of a derivative warrant will decay over time as it approaches its expiry date. Derivative warrants should therefore not be viewed as long term investments. Volatility risk Prices of derivative warrants can increase or decrease in line with the implied volatility of underlying asset price. Investors should be aware of the underlying asset volatility. Callable Bull/Bear Contracts (CBBCs) Mandatory call risk Investors trading CBBCs should be aware of their intraday “knockout” or mandatory call feature. A CBBC will cease trading when the underlying asset value equals the mandatory call price/level as stated in the listing documents. Investors will only be entitled to the residual value of the terminated CBBC as calculated by the product issuer in accordance with the listing documents. Investors should also note that the residual value can be zero. Funding costs The issue price of a CBBC includes funding costs. Funding costs are gradually reduced over time as the CBBC moves towards expiry. The longer the duration of the CBBC, the higher the total funding costs. In the event that a CBBC is called, investors will lose the funding costs for the entire lifespan of the CBBC. Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) Market risk ETFs are typically designed to track the performance of certain indices, market sectors, or groups of assets such as stocks, bonds, or commodities. ETF managers may use different strategies to achieve this goal, but in general they do not have the discretion to take defensive positions in declining markets. Investors must be prepared to bear the risk of loss and volatility associated with the underlying index/assets. Tracking errors Tracking errors refer to the disparity in performance between an ETF and its underlying index/assets. Tracking errors can arise due to factors such as the impact of transaction fees and expenses incurred to the ETF, changes in composition of the underlying index/assets, and the ETF manager’s replication strategy. (The common replication strategies include full replication/representative sampling and synthetic replication which are discussed in more detail below.) Trading at discount or premium An ETF may be traded at a discount or premium to its Net Asset Value (NAV). This price discrepancy is caused by supply and demand factors, and may be particularly likely to emerge during periods of high market volatility and uncertainty. This phenomenon may also be observed for ETFs track...
DERIVATIVE WARRANTS. (“Warrants”), Callable Bull/Bear Contracts (“CBBC”)
DERIVATIVE WARRANTS. Derivative warrants are issued by financial institutions. Unlike subscription warrants which must be call warrants, derivative warrants can be call or put warrants. Most of the derivative warrants in the market have a shorter life, ranging from 6 months to 2 years normally, although the current Listing Rules allow a maximum life of 5 years. Derivative warrants can be linked with a single stock, a basket of stocks, an index, a currency, a commodity or a futures contract (e.g. oil futures). They can be settled by cash or physical delivery, which must be specified by the issuers at launch. However, basket 1, index warrants and warrants on stocks listed overseas are settled by cash only. In exercising a call derivative warrant on a single stock with physical settlement, the issuer will deliver the underlying shares to the warrant holder. This does not involve the issuance of new shares by the underlying listed company as in the case of subscription warrants. Furthermore, every derivative warrant has a designated liquidity provider to help improve the liquidity of the instrument in the market. Such a requirement does not apply to subscription warrants. CHARACTERISTICS
DERIVATIVE WARRANTS. 53 10.3 CBBC 53
DERIVATIVE WARRANTS. 衍 生 權 證 Derivative warrants are an instrument that gives an investor the right to “buy” or “sell” an underlying asset at a pre-set price prior to a specified expiry date. At expiry, settlement is usually made in cash rather than a purchase or sale of the underlying asset. Derivative warrants can be issued over a range of assets, including stocks, stock indices, currencies, commodities, or a basket of securities. They are generally divided into two types: calls and puts. Holders of call warrants have the right, but not obligation, to purchase from the issuer a give amount of the underlying asset at a predetermined price (also known as the exercise price) within a certain time period. Conversely, holders of put warrants have the right, but not obligation, to sell to the issuer a given amount of the underlying asset at a predetermined price within a certain time period.衍生權證投資者有權在指定期間以預定價格「購入」或「出售」相關資產。到期時，衍生權證一般以現金作交收，而不涉及相關資產的實貨買賣。衍生權證的相關資產種類繁多，計有股票、股票指數、貨幣、商品或一籃子的證券等等。它們一般分作兩類：認購權證及認沽權證。認購權證的持有人有權(但沒有責任)在某段期間以預定價格(稱為「行使價」)向發行商購入特定數量的相關資產。相反，認沽權證的持有人有權(但沒有責任)在某段期間以預定價格向發行商沽售特定數量的相關資產。
DERIVATIVE WARRANTS. (a) 衍生權證
DERIVATIVE WARRANTS. 衍生權證是一項投資工具，讓投資者有權但不一定要行使，隨著有效行使，在指定期間以預定價格(或稱行使價)「購入」或「出售」相關資產。衍生權證可於到期前在市場買賣。在香港，衍生權證到期時一般會以現金作交收；在其他市場， 衍生權證的投資者亦可在到期時或之前行使其權利買賣相關資產。衍生權證可以美式或歐式發行。美式權證的持有者可 在到期前任何時間行使其權利；但歐式權證的持有者只可在到期日行使其權利。 Derivative warrants are an instrument that gives an investor the right, but not the obligation, to “buy” or “sell” an underlying asset at a pre-set price (also known as the exercise price) within a certain time period following a valid exercise. They may be bought and sold prior to expiry in the market. For derivative warrants traded in Hong Kong, they are usually settled at expiry in cash. In some markets, derivative warrants may be exercised at or prior to expiry by purchase or sale of the underlying asset. Derivative warrants may be issued in American or European styles. Holders of American-style derivative warrants may exercise at any time prior to expiry while holders of European-style derivative warrants may only exercise on the expiry date. 衍生權證的相關資產種類繁多，計有股票、股票指數、貨幣、商品或一籃子的證券等等。衍生權證由獨立第三者，一般是投資銀行作為發行商。在香港買賣的衍生權證的有效期通常由 6 個月至 2 年不等，每隻在香港掛牌的衍生權證均有其指定的到期日。 Derivative warrants can be issued over a range of assets, including stocks, stock indices, currencies, commodities, or a basket of securities. They are issued by a third party, usually an investment bank, independent of the issuer of the underlying assets. Derivative warrants traded in Hong Kong normally have an initial life of six months to two years and when trading in the market each derivative warrant is likely to have a unique expiry date.
