Authentication and Authorization. A documented authentication and authorization policy must cover all applicable systems. That policy must include password provisioning requirements, password complexity requirements, password resets, thresholds for lockout attempts, thresholds for inactivity, and assurance that no shared accounts are utilized. Authentication credentials must be encrypted, including in transit to and from dependent suppliers’ environments or when stored by dependent suppliers.
Authentication and Authorization. The goal of the Policy-oriented Security Facilities is to protect PARTHENOS Cloud Infrastructure resources from unauthorized accesses. Service Oriented Authorization and Authentication is a security framework providing ''security services'' as web services, according to ''Security as a Service'' ('''SecaaS''') research topic. It is based on standard protocols and technologies, providing: • an open and extensible architecture • interoperability with external infrastructures and domains, obtaining, if required, also so-called ''Identity Federation'' • total isolation from the enabling framework and technologies: zero dependencies in both the directions The Policy-oriented Security Facilities are powered by the gCube Authorization framework. The gCube Authorization framework is a token-based authorization system. The token is a string generated on request by the Authorization service for identification purposes and associated with every entity interacting with the infrastructure (users or services). The token is passed in every call and is automatically propagated in the lower layers. The token can be passed to a service in 3 ways: • using the HTTP-header: adding the value ("gcube-token","{your-token}") to the header parameters • using the query-string: adding gcube-token={your-token} to the existing query-string • logging via the default authentication widget showed by the browser using your username as username and your token as password. The personal token can be retrieved using the token widget deployed on every environment of the portal. This framework is compliant with the Attribute-based access control (ABAC) that defines an access control paradigm whereby access rights are granted to users through the use of policies which combine attributes together. ABAC defines access control based on attributes that describe: • the requesting entity (either the user or the service), • the targeted resource (either the service or the resource), • the desired action (read, write, delete, execute), • and environmental or contextual information (either the VRE or the VO where the operation is executed). ABAC is a logical access control model that is distinguishable because it controls access to objects by evaluating rules against the attributes of the entities (requesting entity or target resource) actions and the environment relevant to a request. ABAC relies upon the evaluation of attributes of the requesting entity, attributes of the targeted resource, environment ...
Authentication and Authorization. It is hereby certified and recited that all conditions, acts and things required by law and the Indenture to exist, to have happened and to have been performed precedent to and in the issuance of this Bond, exist, have happened and have been performed and that the issue of Series 2017 Bonds of which this is one, together with all other indebtedness of the Issuer, complies in all respects with the applicable laws of the State, including, particularly, FASTER and the Supplemental Securities Act. This Bond and the issue of which this Bond is one is issued under authority of FASTER. This Bond and the issue of which this Bond is one is also issued pursuant to the Supplemental Securities Act, and pursuant to Section 00-00-000 of the Supplemental Securities Act, this recital shall be conclusive evidence of the validity and the regularity of the issuance of this Bond and the issue of which this Bond is one after their delivery for value. This Bond shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or become obligatory for any purpose until this Bond shall have been authenticated by the execution by the Trustee of the Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication hereon.
Authentication and Authorization. Accounts on any Host are and will be created on a strictly discretionary basis, with access on most Hosts being restricted solely to Synacor administration staff. Superuser (root) access will only be given through administrative permissions and even more stringently restricted, with no one outside the current Synacor administration staff having access to the passwords. All activities of administrative-level access are logged to a secure location and reviewed and archived on a regular basis. Once accounts are created, Synacor will perform authentication solely via encrypted channels: either TLS (“Transport Layer Security”) or SSH (“Secure Shell”). Access is based on business need and is reviewed on a periodic basis. Incident Management
Authentication and Authorization. ESAP is fully integrated with the ESCAPE project’s IAM service. Fig. 4 shows an example of a user authenticating with the ESAP test system using ESCAPE IAM. After the user has been authenticated, ESAP should automatically be able to forward their credentials to downstream services, to prevent the user from having to re‐authenticate multiple times. Final integration of this capability is still ongoing.
Authentication and Authorization. Challenge Questions o An authentication method soliciting additional user information pre-determined by the user. • Security Tokens o Physical or virtual devices that a user has in their possession, much like a key to a lock. • Client and account level controls o Ability to assign and/or limit account access • Dual control Discretionary Security Procedures Enhancements Discretionary Security Procedures Enhancements that Bank strongly encourages Customer to employ in connection with its use of the Services are: • Time restrictions on Access Information • Positive Pay Services • Alert Notification
Authentication and Authorization. Users may be asked to log in to access ESAP itself, or to use some or all of the services mediated by a given ESAP instance. 1This configuration is instance‐specific: for example, a central EOSC installation of ESAP might provide access to a wide range of services, spanning the entire EOSC, while an institutional or project‐level system may only be configured with information about local resources. End User National Data Centre Grid Systems HPC Facility Jupyter Notebook Service Institutional Resources Compute Cluster Jupyter Notebook Service ESAP Source Lists Bulk Data Archive isualization T Specialist V ools Research Infrastructure Virtual Observatory Catalog Figure 1: ESAP in its environment. def{>} Software Service $ SW / HW Selection Service # REST API REST API REST API f(x) Function as a Service REST API ? Data Query Service REST API REST API ! AAI Service User Interface API Gateway REST API PID Service REST API % Storage Service REST API REST API REST API REST API REST API * Managed Database Service ) Workflow Service ( XXX Service ' Workload Management Service & Compute Node Service ! Figure 2: The high‐level architecture of ESAP. This step is not required: if both the owner of the ESAP instance and the owner of any services being accessed make them available to the general public, then ESAP need not force the user to log in. In general, however, users are expected to log in before using the data management services (§2.3.3). ESAP as delivered by this work package will provide for user authentication through the ESCAPE Identity and Access Management (IAM) service2. Where possible, ESAP is designed to be flexible and adaptable to other systems, but explicit support for other systems is outside the scope of this work package.
Authentication and Authorization. 2.3.1.1. Authentication Authentication does answer the question about who someone is. This is not restricted to humans only but includes also resources as for instance electronic documents. In case of a computer program authentication is managed by the provision of a password.
Authentication and Authorization. 7.1 Where requests are made to add new users, to change or grant new access permissions, Client approval will be required to ensure that the Client authorizes access to this data.
Authentication and Authorization. Usernames, credentials, and Roles can be stored in either: ● A District-designated Directory ● An SLI-hosted Directory. Access to SLI functionality is determined by the user’s Role in the Directory and the user’s relationship with the data model, such as a teacher whose access to data is restricted by the classes they teach. Each user must be associated with one or more Roles. In addition, each user will need to be attached to at least one Institution within SLI in order to have Permissions within SLI. Figure 5 – Example of Mapping an External Directory Integration with an External Directory: In order for an Institution to integrate with SLI, they need to have a Directory (or set of Directories) that stores all of the users that will access SLI. This Directory will need to be integrated with SLI. When users log into the SLI portal or an SLI application, their identity will be authenticated by a District or State's Directory, not by the SLI system itself. The District or State's Directory will verify that the username and password credentials supplied are valid and return this information to SLI. After a user is authenticated, the SLI API will provide a time-limited authenticated user token for the authenticated user. All subsequent calls to the SLI API for this user's session will need to include this authenticated user token. The API will use this token to determine who the user is and which actions he or she is allowed to perform. Each District or State will need to map the roles in their Directory to SLI Roles (which can be done by an administrator with appropriate Permissions) as shown in Figure 5. At each successful user login, SLI will get role information from the local Directory and map those roles to SLI Roles to determine the logged-in user’s Permissions.
