Development Challenges Clause Samples
Development Challenges. In 1998, the areas were previously granted a forest concession to PT Maharani Infiniti who was then transfer this concession rights to Yorisakor forest Concession Company. A total of 214,000 ha of forestland in Pursat and Battambang provinces was under this Forest Concessions. Forest Concession has been suspended by the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) in 2001 following the nationwide campaign based on forestry sector reform and best effort of RGC that required the Forest Concessionaires to prepare the forest strategic management plan and the report of environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) in order to meet with the high standard for sustainable forest management. However, following forest concession suspension unauthorized forest logging still continue with difference forms. The clearance of forest areas for agricultural use in Samrong commune is the major cause of forest deforestation, according to commune land use planning of Samrong commune. The forest areas had been converted to agricultural use for large scale commercial production mainly for cassava and orange productions. The local and migrant encroachment causes the clearance of forest areas for agricultural expansion into the forest areas, especially outside of the PF areas. Other issues contributing to deforestation and forest degradation in the area including illegal logging, firewood and charcoal production by local community as well as migration who do not having access/own to agricultural land. Witnessing the trend of ongoing increase deforestation in the commune and impact having on local communities, in 2005-2015 with support from PACT, RECOFTC and the Forestry Administration Cantonment (FAC), local communities and authorities have started the process to establish community forestry in the commune. As a result, 3 community forestry has been legalized. In 2012, the inter sectorial district land use team with the support from a UNDP/GEF SFM project to support the commune to formulate commune land use planning (CLUP). As a result, a total of an additional 7,005 ha of forest land is being request for the establishment of community forest (1,585 ha) and Partnership Forestry (5,420ha) following the modality of Partnership Forest. In 2015-2017, with the support from REDD+ FCPF-I the partnership forestry (PF) has been established and recognized by MAFF, PF Agreement and 15-year PF management plan have also been established and officially legalized with DoAFF, and PF Management Committ...
Development Challenges. Papua New Guinea now faces the challenge of sustaining these improvements, accelerating longer term structural reform processes, addressing problems of poor service delivery systems and confusion over functional and financial responsibility between national and provincial entities, and confronting the HIV and AIDS pandemic. All this must take place in a context of fast growing population forecasted to reach to 11 million by 2050. The country also faces the challenge of implementing a sustainable development strategy which provides education, health, employment and income generating opportunities while ensuring the optimum use of Papua New Guinea’s natural, financial and human resources for present and future generations. Papua New Guinea is facing increasing poverty and has a large unfinished human development agenda. Its population of approximately 5.3 million is growing at 2.7 per cent per annum while the labour force is growing at 2.6 per cent per annum. GDP growth has been negative for much of the 2000s and per capita income has declined significantly (according to the World Bank, 70 per cent of the population live on less than US$2 per day and 42 per cent on under US$1 per day). Crime has been increasing for many years, due partly to the lack of jobs and government’s limited capacity to satisfy rising expectations of service delivery. The net result has been a worsening environment for investment.
Development Challenges. Phnom Kulen (“Kulen Mountain”) is located in the Siem Reap Province, about 48 km from the provincial town of Siem Reap where Angkor Wat Temples are located. The Phnom Kulen National Park (PKNP) was designed in 1993 and covers 37,375 hectares (ha). Phnom Kulen has been of great archaeological, cultural, and religious significance. A popular place of pilgrimage, this “Mountain of Lychees” is considered by Khmers to be the most sacred mountain in Cambodia and the birthplace of the Cambodian Kingdom. More than 50 sacred ancient temples and sites dating back as far as the Eighth and Ninth Century have been identified across the high plateau of Phnom Kulen. Preah ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, 1000 linga is among the most visited sites of Phnom Kulen. Its forest ecosystems provide critical habitats for several globally threatened species. The significant ecosystem services provided by the Park center on the vital role this largest forested area within Siem Reap Province plays as the main water source for Siem Reap town and the aquifer that maintains the stability of the Temples of Angkor. All the 36 headwaters of the Siem Reap River are located inside PKNP. Its forest cover, however, has decreased significantly over the past decades, from about 42% in 2003 to as low as 25% presently. The downstream impacts of the depletion of forests in PKNP have the potential to severely affect the future development potential of Siem Reap Province and threaten the foundations of the Angkor World Heritage Site. One of the main threats to the PKNP forest cover is the damaging agricultural practices and particularly slash and burn, and the illegal but widely spread monoculture of cashew nut. There are currently ten villages on Kulen Mountain, with a total population of around 4,600 people. Most of these villagers are subsistence farmers and these practices represent a direct threat to the park. To address the growing threats, in 2017, with the support of UNDP/FCPF, the GDANCP/MoE has finalized the Phnom Kulen Management Plan and its Action Plan, to respond to the Phnom Kulen threats. The Action Plan has defined the protection, restoration and maintenance of the forested area, water sources and archaeological sites as priorities. Furthermore, UNDP is assisting the MoE to develop and operationalize Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) to cover the recurrent cost of park management in the Kulen Mountain. While these recent efforts are conducive to the successful sustainable management of the national pa...