Synthesis of the case studies Sample Clauses

Synthesis of the case studies. This section summarizes general observations and experiences from the 29 case studies on how GFAs impact on the GSCs of MNEs. When assessing the results of it is important to keep in mind that the studies differ in their depth, for instance in the number of interviews conducted with trade union and management representatives. While some of the studies are rather short and build mostly on second- ary sources, others report extensively on the experiences of local actors; for example, the studies by BWI are short reports of successful examples where a GFA was successfully invoked by trade unions to achieve better working conditions along GSCs. Overall, these case studies document a limited impact of GFAs on suppliers and subcontrac- tors. MNEs do not necessarily fulfil the duty stipulated in the GFA to inform suppliers about the ex- istence of the agreement, and hence GFAs are often unknown. Their impact on global supply chains, however, is a different story: the case studies reveal several examples of good practice in bringing suppliers, subcontractors and subsidiaries under the GFA umbrella. For example, in Brazil, unions shut down machines at one MNE for two hours to force the company to exert pressure on a supplier to rehire fired union representatives (Xxxxxx et al., 2012). In Turkey, a GFA was successfully used at a supplying company to build up strong international solidarity, and an organizing campaign led to one of the rare examples of successful unionization in this country (Xxxxxxx, Sayin and Agtas, 2013). The Inditex GFA helped in facilitating the reinstatement of over 200 trade union members who had been fired in Cambodia and Peru in supplying companies; following the reinstatements the membership of local unions often increased drastically (Xxxxxx, 2011). Other GFAs were incorporated into the suppli- er’s guidelines and supplier auditing checklists (Xxxx and Xxxxx, 2008). To monitor the implementa- tion process of GFAs, as a general rule MNEs’ central management and GUFs meet regularly and exchange their views. Reportedly the complaints brought to the attention of the monitoring group at Daimler involved mostly working conditions at suppliers (Stevis, 2010). All this can help to draw more attention to the working conditions at suppliers and subcon- tractors. It is reported for some MNEs that since the conclusion of the GFA the management is paying closer attention to problems associated with subcontracting (Xxxxxxx and Stevis, 2013). Consequentl...
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