Lianyungang Port Expansion Project. The Lianyungang Port, a major foreign trade port located between the Huang Hai and Chinese coastal ports, is one of the 8 major ports of China. It is also the starting point of the Longhai Railway that extends west all the way to Lanzhou in Gansu Province, and is also the starting point of the New Eurasia Land Bridge, which goes all the way to Rotterdam in Holland. In 1980, the carrying capacity of the Lianyungang Port was 7.2 million tons, the bulk of which coal, but by the end of the 1980s, the share of lumber and cereals rose, so that the total handling volume was predicted to reach 19.4 million tons a year. Therefore, expanding the port capacity became an urgent priority, and the Lianyungang Port Expansion Project (Stage 2 Construction in Miaoling Area) thus came into being. 【 Figure 1.5 Predictions of Freight Handling Capacity at the Time of Appraisal in Lianyungang Port】
Lianyungang Port Expansion Project. ① Freight handling trends Figure 2.9 shows the freight handling volume at the major ports of China that are all close together, including the Lianyungang Port, Shanghai, and Qingdao, etc., from 1986 to 1995. The total freight handling volume of the Lianyungang Port up to 1995 was approximately 1/10 that of Shanghai, and that of Qingdao approximately 1/3, but if one looks only at freight handling volume related to foreign trade, the Lianyungang Port handled approximately 1/4 of Shanghai, and handled about 1/2 of Qingdao (Figure 2.10). 18,000 16,000 Lianyungang Port Qingdao Rizhao Shanghai 10,000 tons 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Source: China Communications Yearbook and Statistics Yearbook 【Figure 2.9 Trends in Freight Handling Volume of Lianyungang Port and Near By Ports】 Lianyungang Port Shanghai Qingdao Rizhao Source: China Communications Yearbook 【Figure 2.10 Percentage of Freight Handling Volume of Lianyungang Port and Near-By Ports In Terms of Foreign Trade (1995) 】 Next, the changes in the freight handling volume of the Lianyungang Port, including the Miaoling Area 2nd Stage Implementation Schedule (1984 to 1993), is shown in Figure 2.11. According to this data, the handled freight of the No. 31 berth to the No. 36 berth completed through the Miaoling Area 2nd Stage Construction accounted for about 20% of the total freight handled in 1995 and 1996, and thus had this construction not been done, the Chinese coastal freight handling would have been impeded according to our estimations. The future freight handling volume will, per the planning of the central government, reach 28 million tons in the year 2000, and then 35 million tons, 41 million tons, and 54 million tons are predicated for the year 2005, 2010, and 2020, respectively, but the Lianyungang Port Authorities reckon that 22 million tons will be reached by the year 2000, and the modification of the overall plan was requested of the Chinese Central Government. 2000 Total Miaoling Area 2nd Stage Construction 10,000 tons 1500 1000 500 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 0 Source: China Communications Yearbook, Statistics Yearbook and materials from Ministry of Communications 【Figure 2.11 Changes in the Freight Handling Volume of the Lianyungang Port】 ② Operational status of each berth
Lianyungang Port Expansion Project. As indicated in section 1.4.1 Comparison of Original Plan and Actual Result－Project Scope, the berths and the West Large Levee were completed according to plan. The analyses of the design and implementation method for each item are described below. Lianyungang Port Expansion Project ("Miaoling Area 2nd Stage Construction", which is the concrete project content of this section) was implemented by the Ministry of Communications’ Third Water Transport Engineering Bureau, Design Institute, and the Lianyungang Port Bureau did not directly participate in this project. Thus plans and design materials could not be obtained from the Lianyungang Port Bureau. The following is a description based on descriptions obtained from the Lianyungang Port Construction Authority. As indicated in section 1.1 Project Location, the Miaoling Area 2nd Stage Construction built a total of 6 berths: a container berth (No. 31), multi-purpose berth (No. 32), cereal berth (No. 33), mooring berth (No. 34), and two lumber berths (No. 35 and No. 36). Of these, the mooring berth (No. 34) was built to serve as a mooring berth for ships waiting for their berth to clear, based on consideration of the fact that the port was to see many incoming and exiting ships. All the berths constructed in this project were of the horizontal wharf type (Figure 2.1), with the pier foundation formed of prestressed concrete piles (concrete piles that have been reinforced through the application of pressure), and the upper portion of the pier formed of concrete beams using many precast elements (manufactured beforehand, and simply needing to be assembled on the site to be completed) and concrete slabs. The yard consists of land reclaimed using earth and rocks obtained from the Mountain right behind the port, and the end dam between the berths and the yard consists of an L-shaped retaining wall made of concrete. For the reader's reference, a conceptual drawing prepared based on an interview of the Port Construction Authority is shown in Figure 1.7. A relatively soft soil layer is accumulated up to the rock-bed, which is the pile support layer, and thus building the berth as a horizontal wharf type was reasonable. The reason concrete piles were used instead of steel piles for the pile foundation is thought to be for economic (foreign currency saving) purposes.
Lianyungang Port Expansion Project. (1) Handling capacity As shown in Table 2.16, currently, the handling capacity of all the berth of this project (Miaoling Area 2nd Stage Construction) is still lower than the figures planned. The cause for this is the slump in the cereal berth. 【Table 2.16 Comparison of Planned and Actual Handling Capacity】 Berth Plan 1996 (Actual) Handling items Handling volume (thousand ton) Handling items Handling volume (thousand ton) Lumber 2 berth Lumber 1,100 Metal, non metallic ore, coal 1,290 Cereal berth Cereal 2,000 Cereal 670 Container and multi- purpose berth Miscellaneous goods 1,000 (including containers) Container 910Note 1 Miscellaneous goods 310 Total 4,100 3,180 Source : Liangugang Port Authorities For detailed handling figures and items, see in Table 2.4. Note 1: The container handling volume was tabulated at 90,000 TEU.
