Type A Clause Samples

Type A sour crude oil with a sulfur content equal to or greater than zero point eight percent by weight (0.8% weight), as per ASTM.

Type A. A dispute between an employee or the Union and the Administration or the Board concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement.

Type A. A. B a The type of functions λa . b that take an object a of A to an object b of B a (a dependent type on A), where A is an object of Up for some p, and B is an object of A → Uq for some q. Formation Rule (∀) The formation rule asserts that ∀a : A. B a is an object of Umax(p,q), if A is an object of Up, and B a is an object of Uq in a context where a is an object of A, i.e. A : Up [a : A] ▶ B a : Uq ∀a : A. B a : Umax(p,q) (∀F ) . U2 U1 U0 ∀a : A. B a

Type A. A. B a The type of pairs of objects ⟨a, b⟩ in which a is an object of A, and b is an object of B a (a dependent type on A), where A is an object of Up for some p, and B is an object of A Uq for some q.7 Formation Rule (∃) The formation rule asserts that ∃a : A. B a is an object of Umax(p,q), if A is an object of Up, and B a is an object of Uq in a context where a is an object of A, i.e. A : Up [a : A] ▶ B a : Uq ∃a : A. B a : Umax(p,q) (∃F ) . 7The overline symbol denotes an existential witness. U2 U1 U0 ∃a : A. B a ⟨a, b⟩

Type A. Type A encompasses all uncertainty effects that become manifest as variation of the measured values such as signal noise or general reproducibility. These are evaluated by means of statistical analysis of repeated measurements . The standard uncertainty contribution of a Type A quantity is calculated as the experimental standard deviation of the mean according to = �( − 1) ∙ �( − ̅)2 =1 Type B uncertainty effects encompass all uncertainty effects that are not purely statistical, thus all additional knowledge of the measurement process. This includes various sources of information such as the instruments themselves (characterized by their calibration certificates, manufacturer’s specifications), any available experience from previous measurement series as well as any additional experience or knowledge like results of instrument characterization In order to be able to include this information in the calculation of the resulting measurement uncertainty, the individual uncertainty effects need to be modeled. Depending on the kind of information different modeling approaches can be applied: • For uncertainty specified as multiples of standard deviations normal distributions are suitable. This mainly applies to previously evaluated uncertainties for example resulting from instrument calibration. • In other cases limiting (maximum) values of uncertainty might be specified for which rectangular distribution are most suitable. Selecting the correct modeling approach and assumptions requires experience and is decisive for type B results. Similarly to the formerly used propagation of error, there is a propagation of uncertainty that is more commonly called determination of combined uncertainty. As indicated by the name, the combined uncertainty encompasses all uncertainty contributions so that their resulting effect on the target value of a measurement can be quantified. The combination of uncertainty effects can be calculated on several levels of an uncertainty analysis: • One particular measurand (like temperature or flow rate) can be influenced by several uncertainty effects (for example one Type A and one Type B) so that the calculation of combined uncertainty makes sense on this level. • Or the target value of a measurement (like useful heat or thermal efficiency as in the case of performance testing) is calculated from several measurands which also necessitates an evaluation of combined standard uncertainty. And in case of later parameter identification, the sep...

Type A. Manual operators for Type A valves shall be of the traveling nut, rack and pinion, or worm gear type.

Type A. (See Detail A)