Styrene. Pursuant to an agreement dated August 30, 1999, Shell, through a local operating subsidiary, supplies, and we purchase, a nominated volume of styrene per year for our manufacturing facility in the U.S. We purchased approximately 45,000, and 39,000 metric tons of styrene pursuant to this agreement in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Pursuant to an agreement dated August 4, 2000, we purchase a minimum of 28,000 metric tons, and Shell, through a local operating subsidiary, supplies a maximum of 40,000 metric tons, of styrene per year in aggregate for our manufacturing facilities in The Netherlands, France, and Germany. The agreed annual quantities are subject to increase or decrease upon annual review by the parties. The initial term of each agreement ends December 31, 2005 and will automatically renew indefinitely subject to 12 months prior written notice of termination by either party. In the U.S., Shell charges a price based on market prices for styrene, subject to a minimum based on the market prices for benzene and ethylene, the chemicals from which styrene is produced. Notwithstanding this price floor, however, Shell will match any lower price for available styrene of like quality and quantity produced in the U.S. under similar terms and conditions or will deduct from our remaining annual obligation all quantities we purchase at this price. In Europe, Shell charges a price based on market indicators, including market prices for benzene and ethylene and labor costs.
Styrene. Working with the industry and other interested parties promulgate a rule by December 2000, establishing emission standards for styrene from the fiberglass reinforced plastics industry. Publish a non-rule policy document by November 1999, addressing transitional issues prior to rule effectiveness, and develop and distribute compliance assistance information. Status: Nonrule Policy Document - 100% complete. Rule - 100% complete.
Styrene i. 1999 – 2002: 38% reduction in chemicals managed ii. 2002-2004: 6% increase.
Styrene. There have been fewer experimental studies on the combustion of styrene as shown in Table 4. The first kinetic experiments were made by Xxxxxxxxx et al. in 1896 (41) and concerned its oxidation in an atmospheric flow reactor at temperatures around 1060 K. The main stable products detected were CO, methane, ethane, benzene, phenol and cyclopentadiene. After that, Xxxxx et al. (42) were the first to study the unimolecular decomposition of styrene. The experiments were carried out at very low pressure between 1180 and 1350 K. In 2001, Xxxxxxxxx et al. (43) investigated the ignition delay times of styrene in a shock tube at the pressures of 1.43 atm and temperatures of 1300-2000 K. Concerning JSR study, there is not data for neat styrene as reactant. However, Xxxx et al. (44) investigated the oxidation of a styrene/benzene mixture at three equivalences ratios (Φ= 0.5, 1 and 1.5), at 10 atm and over the temperature range of 1000-1357 K. The main stable products detected were small hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, and ethylene), with also benzene, phenol, and benzaldehyde. A detailed chemical kinetic model of the combustion of styrene including 290 species and 1786 reactions was established and validated.
