Fluoride products Sample Clauses

Fluoride products. Fluorides products for topical application in tooth wear may be formulated as pH neutral or acidulated products. Fluoride-containing calcium-phosphates have been shown to precipitate from oral fluids at a neutral pH (ten Cate and Xxxxxxxxxxxx, 1996) and on first principles, neutral or alkaline products may seem preferable in an acid mediated condition such as erosive tooth wear. However, as shown in Equation 1 and Equation 2 above, formation of calcium fluoride and fluorhydroxyapatite in the presence of ionic fluoride, is greatly enhanced by an acidic environment. Therefore acidulated fluoride toothpastes, rinses, gels and varnishes at concentrations ranging from 225 ppm to 19500 ppm may have a potential role in tooth wear (Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxx, 1996). Another way of classifying topical fluorides for use in tooth wear is by their intended mode of application. Therefore the role of self-applied products such as fluoride toothpastes, fluoride gels and fluoride rinses in the prevention and management of tooth wear will be reviewed below and the role of professionally-applied products such as gels and varnishes will be reviewed below. In solutions used for in vitro tooth wear studies, ionic fluoride levels are measured by a fluoride ion specific electrode, developed by Xxxxx and Xxxx (1966). The fluoride electrode responds to free fluoride ions and requires for the test solution to be maintained between pH 5 and pH 6 and for the ionic strength and composition to be the same in both sample and standard solutions. Therefore the measurement of fluoride requires the addition of a total strength ionic buffer (TISAB) prior to measurement (Xxxxxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxx, 1996). The amount of fluoride in products can be difficult to ascertain because the percentage by weight (wt %) of the active ingredient, as opposed to the parts per million (ppm), is often provided by the manufacturer. This is potentially confusing because the weight of varying fluoride species is clearly different for different fluoride species, as shown in Table 1 below. Consequently, many manufacturers currently provide labelling in ppm fluoride in order to provide more meaningful information on the clinical effectiveness of the product. Table 1 Percentage by weight (wt %) and the equivalent parts per million (ppm) fluoride of sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate in toothpastes (Adapted from Ellwood at el 2008) Fluoride ( ppm) Sodium fluoride (wt %) Sodium monofluorophosphate (wt %) 1500 0.32 1...
Sample 1
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