The Beginning. Salary Scale shall be used for placement purposes. After a new employee’s placement has been determined, salary increases will be as outlined in this provision.
The Beginning. The Carnegie Institution of Washington was founded on 4 January 1902 when its Articles of Incorporation were signed. The institution was reincorporated by an act of the Congress of the United States, approved 28 April 1904, under the title of the Carnegie Institution of Washington (Carnegie Year Book No. 47, 1948: xi). Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx, a multi-millionaire steel baron and philanthropist, financed the institution with an en- dowment of registered bonds with a par value of ten million dollars, in order “… to encourage, in the broad- est and most liberal manner, investigation, research, and discovery, and the application of knowledge to the improvement of mankind.” (ibid.). Xx Xxxxxxxx made an additional contribution of two million dollars to this fund on 10 December 1907, and he contributed a fur- ther ten million dollars on 19 January 1911 (ibid.). Xxxxxxxx gave the Board of Trustees “… full power to decide how the institution would meet its mandate, and even to amend his mandate …” (Xxxxxxx, 2004: 30). Accordingly, the Board selected a seven-man Executive Committee to formulate research methods in a variety of fields, and these were presented to the Board from time to time. The first move of the Execu- tive Committee was “… to canvass the state of know- ledge in seventeen different fields of human endeavor …” (ibid.), and to select leaders in each field to form Advisory Committees, which would write position papers outlining where major advances were likely to be made in their respective disciplines. Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxx, Director of the Harvard College Obser- vatory, was appointed Chairman of the Advisory Committee for Astronomy. In 1904, Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxx (Figure 1), seeking clearer skies than existed near Chicago, obtained support from the Carnegie Institution to found the Mount Xxxxxx Solar Observatory in the mountains near Pasadena, California. Xxxx, who had invented the spectroheliograph and discovered solar magnetism, wanted to understand the physics of the Sun and stars. In pursuit of this goal, the initial complement of solar telescopes at Mount Xxxxxx was followed by the 60- inch Reflector and then the 100-inch Hooker Tele- scope, which was the largest in the world at the time of its construction (Carnegie Observatories, 2006). Xxxx’x motivation came from an enduring goal “… to solve the problem of stellar evolution.” (Xxxxxxx, 2006a). The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution at Mount Xxxxxx transformed astronomy and astro- physics with a suc...
