Key results and conclusions. The European aeronautic and air transport (AAT) research landscape is rather complex. D2.1 provides an overview of different networks, events and stakeholders which constitute the European AAT landscape as it developed since decades. Open science is a rapidly evolving. Especially software tools and platforms, such as the European open science Cloud (EOSC) (European Commission 2020), are developing quickly. The wide range of products and the speed of innovation in the open science area can be seen at the one hand as a signal that open science is becoming increasingly important. However, the large number of platforms can also appear confusing to newcomers and produce a barrier to entry the world of open science. OSCAR offers support to the AAT community for these platforms and tools, e.g. by highlighting which platforms can be of use to AAT community within the research process cycle, with strong focus on engineering, physics, material science, chemistry etc. The AAT landscape can possibly profit from platforms like Zenodo (Zenodo 2020), the EOSC (European Commission 2020), the re3data search engine (Registry of research data repositories 2020), the arXiv (arXiv 2020) or Materials Cloud (Material Cloud 2020) for materials science.
Key results and conclusions. The work on the roadmap for the OSCAR open science code of conduct started at the beginning of the project. Based on the proposal and previous project findings so far, the general roadmap was depicted in a Xxxxx chart, timetables and task breakdown structures. The Xxxxx chart shows the critical paths of the development of the code of conduct. The current roadmap provides specific recommendations for action and implications on further steps in the development phase of the code of conduct, including additional content and strategical information taken from D4.1. The roadmap includes a maintenance workflow and update pattern for the OSCAR open science code of conduct that takes into account the specific requirements of the European policy making workflows. Further recommendations for action for the further development of the OSCAR open science code of conduct have been identified:
Key results and conclusions. The objective of investigating the international consistency of optical clocks through a coordinated programme of frequency comparisons was therefore met, with the newly extended European optical fibre network having been shown to be capable of supporting comparisons with long-term fractional instability and accuracy below 10−18. The comparison campaign carried out in March 2022 was the most extensive ever performed, involving eleven optical clocks in seven different countries. Measurements of local optical frequency ratios included several that had never before been determined directly, and comparison uncertainties for the most advanced optical clocks were reduced by an order of magnitude or more compared to the state-of-the-art at the start of the project.
Key results and conclusions. The objective of demonstrating, both by simulation and experimentally, methods for incorporating optical clocks into the UTC(k) timescales maintained by national timing laboratories was thus successfully achieved. A first direct comparison was carried out between two prototype optically steered timescales, each of which used data from two optical clocks operating with high uptimes. The offset between these two prototype timescales remained smaller than the offset between the corresponding operational UTC(k) timescales over the duration of the test.
Key results and conclusions. The objective of incorporating optical clocks into international timescales as secondary representations of the second, via the submission of data to the BIPM, was achieved, with the target number of submissions being met. Although these submissions came from fewer laboratories and clocks than originally anticipated, other clocks collected large amounts of data with high uptime, which they will be able to use in their first submissions to the BIPM once peer-reviewed publications describing updated uncertainty budgets are available. The new recommended values for standard frequencies approved by the CCTF in 2021, which were strongly influenced by work in this project, were used for the first time for the calculation of TAI in Circular T no. 412 (April 2022). This allowed optical clocks to steer TAI with lower uncertainty, as the recommended frequency values for six secondary representations of the second now have uncertainties at the limit set by caesium fountain primary frequency standards. The update therefore resulted in a significant increase in the weight of optical clocks in TAI (Figure 18).
