Semantic class of the referent: we always code the referent, not the noun (e.g. kanisa ‘church’ could be a physical object or an institution, depending on context) • human • kinship term • environment (field, river etc.) • animal • physical object (can be touched) • abstract entity (cannot be touched), but not an event • event (involves the time dimension) • organization • anthropomorphic (god, angels, demons, etc.)
Semantic processing
Semantic. Id Description Type SE-001 The platform must support the usage of ontologies and semantic modelling of data Semantic SE-002 The platform must ensure a generic structure for data representation Semantic SE-003 The platform shall provide capabilities to represent other sources of information rather than devices Semantic SE-004 The platform shall support semantic descriptions management Semantic SE-005 The platform shall support a common information model for different verticals Semantic SE-006 The platform shall support interworking proxy between different modeling languages Semantic SE-007 The platform shall support the discovery of devices based on semantic descriptions Semantic SE-008 The platform shall be skilled to perform data analytics based on semantic descriptions Semantic
Semantic services are used to annotate the files. The storage service only accesses this services that are deployed over the Internet to get the tags/classes of DON that are useful for annotation purposes. As mentioned before, the storage service follows a mixed approach. When users want to share/upload a file, two different scenarios are possible: • The user wants to store a file in a centralized repository directly managed by the storage service. • The user wants to maintain the file and provides a public and accessible URI/reference to retrieve such file when required. Figure 3.8: Uploading a file to the centralized repository (scenario 1). Double red arrows represent interactions between users and the storage service, double blue arrows identify interactions between the storage service and semantic services, single red arrows describe the data flow between the storage service and its internal components, and finally, double green dotted arrows represent that some references/information is shared by the components, i.e. metadata registry contains some tags belonging to the DON to annotate the files and also contains references to the file in the database. That means that not communication is established between the components. They just share common information.
Semantic. Named Entities Semantic Roles Dependency Parser Lemmatizer Tokenizer NLP Tools … … … Figure 4.5: The flow of the sentence, Xxxxx is either in the school or the cinema, through the system. Structural decomposition
Semantic terminology and definitions. The COBACORE data framework architecture is predicated on spatial orientation and utilises location as the consistent variable within the confines of a disaster event which can serve to link and derive commonality across diverse and disparate datasets in order to enhance the functionality and analytical capacity of the COBACORE data framework. As a consequence of the GIS based architecture being developed within the COBACORE framework, Geospatial data standards will govern the design and development. The implications and necessary standards conformance are discussed in Section 2.1. The remainder of the chapter will explore existing ontologies (Section 2.2.) and vocabularies (Section 2.3) which have been applied within the confines of crisis response in order to optimise commonality of understanding and systems integration. The final section details the semantic modelling requirements for the data framework in order to optimise interoperability.
Semantic. Images: U. S. Army Photo, Two women operating the ENIAC, xxxx://xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxx/wiki/File:Two_women_operating_ENIAC.gif Jfreyre, typical server rack, xxxx://xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxx/wiki/File:Rack001.jpg, Attribution-Share Alike Technology Policies Users
Semantic. Images: umjanedoan, CC BY 2.0, Law books on a shelf. xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxx.xxx/photos/umjanedoan/497364007, "Environmental Law Practice Guide“ xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxx.xxx/photos/umjanedoan/497364021/in/photostream/ Technology Policies Users Processes Semantic Images: Intel Free Press, Child with Apple iPad, xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxx.xxx/photos/intelfreepress/8433147083 General Services Administration. National Archives and Records Service. Office of Educational Programs. Education Division. ARC Identifier 3493233. Process Part A Action B Process Part A Action B Finish Finish Result C Transformation Technology Policies Users Processes Semantic Technology Policies Users Processes
Semantic. Images: NASA – Xxxxxx Flight Research Center Photo Collection - xxxx://xxx.xxxx.xxxx.xxx/Gallery/Photo/Places/HTML/E49-54.html ESA, Xxxxxxxx-Xxxxxx onboard computer, Id 307846, 1970, xxxx://xxx.xxx.xxx/spaceinimages/Images/2011/10/Herschel-Planck_onboard_computer „Computer“ 1949 „Computer“ 1970 Approach and methodology: Research underpinned by 2 case studies: • Space science data • Media and digital artworks Preservation by design Model-driven preservation Scenario-driven test-beds Core research activities: Develop conceptual framework and unified model, based on linked data principles for representing dynamic preservation ecosystems Produce tools for extraction and encapsulation of significant environment information, appraisal and reuse Extend existing lifecycle models to address the evolution of preservation ecosystems Currently half-way through the project (ends 31 January 2017) ◦ Work done on describing the digital ecosystem, its entities and dependencies ◦ Work on creation of a conceptual model of the dependencies ◦ Work on defining an architectural framework for the test-beds ◦ First evaluation of progress ◦ Use case scenario development ◦ Work done on identifying and capturing information necessary for content reuse ◦ Work started on encapsulating this information ◦ Work starting on approaches for appraisal See deliverables: xxxx://xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx.xx/deliverables Describe how our environment extraction application works and seek feedback and comments (Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx). Describe current approach regarding environment encapsulation and seek feedback (Xxxx-Grit Xxxxxx). Describe current thoughts on appraisal and seek feedback (Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx). You are very important! ◦ xxxx://xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx.xx ◦ Twitter: @PericlesFP7 ◦ Contacts: ◦ xxxx.xxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx (Project coordinator) ◦ xxxxxxxxx.xxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx (Project manager) ◦ xxxxx.xxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx (Communications coordinator)
Semantic agreement when the controller comprises several nouns These cases include three possibilities: conjoined arguments (A and B), discussed in Section 2.1, disjoined arguments (A or B) discussed in Section 2.2. Section 2.3 discusses a construction where there is a choice between A and B, but it is irrelevant for the speaker, which option will be chosen. In each case, there is a particle which attaches to both arguments.
