Liver Sample Clauses

Liver. To maintain energy homeostasis, the different adipose tissues work closely together with the liver. In the postprandial state, surplus energy is primarily stored in WAT under the influence of insulin as explained above, although the liver is also responsible for taking up sugar and lipids after a meal. Where WAT takes up fatty acids from intestine- derived TG-rich chylomicrons, the liver takes up the resulting TG-poor chylomicron remnants. In addition, the liver takes up free fatty acids that are present in the circulation as a result of ‘spillover’ during LPL-mediated hydrolysis (30, 31). At the same time, the high insulin levels in the postprandial state largely inhibit the hepatic secretion of TG-rich lipoproteins (i.e., very-low-density lipoproteins; VLDL). Therewith the liver acts in concert with WAT to prevent a postprandial rise in circulating TG levels (32, 33). The liver also takes up most glucose that is absorbed by the intestine and reaches the liver by the portal vein and which, stimulated by insulin, is converted into TGs by de novo lipogenesis, which is secreted in the postabsorptive state as VLDL (34). In catabolic states, such as fasting, the liver takes up large amounts of the free fatty acids that are released from WAT after intracellular lipolysis as explained above. Within the liver, these fatty acids are esterified into TGs (in addition to cholesteryl esters and phospholipids), and secreted in VLDL particles to deliver fatty acids as fuel to metabolically active organs. Of note, although VLDL synthesis is particularly important during fasting, during which it is the main energy source for metabolically active tissues such as the skeletal and cardiac muscles, it is a continuous process that is also present during other metabolic states (35). Lipoprotein metabolism From the previous sections it becomes clear that metabolic tissues operate tightly together to process dietary nutrients in the postprandial anabolic state resulting in storage of excess energy and to deliver fuel to energy demanding tissues in catabolic states. While glucose is hydrophilic and can therefore freely circulate in the blood, lipids are hydrophobic (i.e. water insoluble) and are therefore packed within lipoprotein particles to allow transport between organs via the blood. As such, lipoprotein particles transport dietary cholesterol and TGs that are absorbed in the small intestine to metabolic tissues including the liver, as well as transport cholesterol and TGs be...
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Liver. 202 S6.6.1 Hepato Cellular Carcinoma(Advanced) Radio Frequency Ablation 72000 203 S6.6.2 Haemangioma Sol Liver Hepatectomy + Wedge Resection 90000 204 S6.6.3 Hydatid Cyst-Marsupilisation 40000 S6.7 GALL BLADDER 205 S6.7.1 Cyst Excision+Hepatic Jejunostomy(51.37) 54000 206 S6.7.2 Cholecystectomy 25000 207 S6.7.3 GB+ Calculi CBD Stones Or Dilated CBD 50000 208 S6.7.4 Lap.Cholecystectomy 30000 209 S6.7.5 Hepatico Jejunostomy 66970 210 S6.7.6 Choledochoduodenostomy Or Choledocho Jejunostomy 40596 S6.8 SPLEEN 211 S6.8.1 Splenectomy 35000 212 S6.8.2 Splenectomy + Devascularisation + Spleno Renal Shunt(39.1) 76560 213 S6.8.3 Spleenectomy For Space Occupying Lesion 42000 S6.9 PANCREAS 214 S6.9.1 Laproscopic Pancreatic Necrosectomy 112776 215 S6.9.2 Lateral Pancreaticojejunostomy(Non- Malignant) 100000 216 S6.9.3 Open Pancreatic Necrosectomy 120060 217 S6.9.4 Distal Pancreatectomy + Splenectomy(41.5) 120000 218 S6.9.5 Central Pancreatectomy 120000 219 S6.9.7 Cysto Jejunostomy 50000
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