Cyber Intelligence. Even less likely than cyber warfare to become a subject of international agreement is the use of cyber capacities by states for intelligence collection. Intelligence activities have long been and will continue 45Convention on International Civil Aviation, December 7, 1944. 194 PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP ON DETERRING CYBERATTACKS to be conducted or sponsored by states subject only to national constraints. Informal understandings designed to avoid damaging cyber (or other) infrastructure may be possible between intelligence agen- cies of states, especially allies. But such understandings—or other agreements addressed to intelligence collection—are unlikely subjects of multilateral negotiations. A different problem is posed by efforts of non-state actors to intrude upon and collect intelligence from government or private sources. Such intrusions seem an appropriate subject for international discussions. States may be able to fashion common norms and rules to restrict such conduct, at least in specified situations. Most if not all states have laws that prohibit private individuals from attacking other states without government approval. Such conduct appears in fact from the literature on cyber security to be common and troublesome. Efforts to penetrate private companies for commercial purposes may also be a subject that most if not all states will be willing to address, though where such efforts are officially sanctioned they are likely to be off the negotiating agenda.
Cyber Intelligence. Its specialized systems, software and analytics address sophisticated cyber space threats by creating a unique blend of proprietary intelligence techniques and advanced computer network solutions. It is developing a suite of high capacity network monitoring products to provide deep packet inspection to protect against the threat of cyber attacks. These complex systems identify and localize illicit activity on communication networks and provide the analysis and visualization tools necessary to produce meaningful results in time to make a difference. • Tactical COMINT. Its tactical COMINT solutions include deployment of ground-based and airborne payloads for the detection, identification, location, and tracking of mobile communications and weapons systems. The AST product portfolio includes man-portable, airborne, remote/unattended, and system-level solutions for both strategic and tactical missions. Its systems are wideband digital systems that utilize signal processing technology to deliver superior performance against conventional and modern signals, even in the most challenging signal environments.
