Chapter Two. The End: Atrocity in a State of Exception, a State of Denial
Chapter Two. Taxation Environment
Chapter Two. Where once it was the physician who waged bellum contra morbum, the war against disease, now it’s the whole society. -- Xxxxx Xxxxxx
Chapter Two. Chronic Tension in a Diachronic Pandemic: Religious Morality in an HIV-Infected World The turn to religious entities as allies suggests a time when religious entities were not sought out as partners. Chapter two situates the turn to religion within a longer history of tensions—actual and perceived—animating the relationship between religious entities and global health organizations. The global response to the HIV pandemic is used as a lens for understanding these tensions. The first half of this chapter provides background on the scope and scale of the HIV pandemic. Though not intended as a comprehensive history of the pandemic, the snapshot of the current pandemic helps locate the changes taking place in the relationships among religious entities and global health institutions within the unique context of a chronic pandemic. The second half of the chapter focuses on a stigmatization of persons affected by HIV and AIDS as a particular examples of how theo-ethical commitments have functioned as a health liability in the global response to AIDS.
Chapter Two. Since its emergence as a theoretical field in the early 1990’s, third wave feminism has been the source of heated debate. Much of the anxiety surrounding the third wave comes from an attempt to define it as a theory, a philosophy, and a social movement. Proponents and authors of the third wave frequently posit it as a response to and critique of the second wave of feminism. Critics, on the other hand, frequently question the understanding of the third wave as an autonomous movement, one separate from the second wave, instead arguing that it is more appropriately defined as a continuation of the second wave. Much of this confusion is the result of a perceived lack of cohesion within the third wave that would allow for a simple definition. While other social movements are perceived as autonomous, cohesive, and centered around a philosophical or theoretical goal, the third wave seems to lack a central aim. In addition, participants in the third wave have not attempted to provide a singular definition, which adds to the confusion and ambiguity that often permeates the debate. Whereas the second wave of feminism was differentiated from the first by a temporal gap of at least 40 years, the third wave emerged when many second wave feminists were still writing, theorizing, and working. In order to utilize the concepts developed by the third wave for the purpose of analysis, it is necessary to analyze the work of third wave authors and activists, as well as the work of those who have sought to understand the third wave, in order to define the movement. In response to the exclusivity associated with the second wave, a variety of feminisms emerged to address experiences beyond those of middle-class white women and make feminism “more compatible with their unique perspectives.”93 These groups include “black feminists, Asian American feminists, Third World feminists, lesbian feminists, male feminists, ecofeminists, Christian feminists, Jewish feminists, Islamic feminists, and others.”94 The Black feminist movement is particularly important in the development of third wave theory. Work published by black feminists in the 1980s offered critiques of the second wave that illuminated the essentialist views of earlier theorists. Of particular note are the works of Xxxxxx Xxxxx (Women, Race and Class, 1981), the Combahee River Collective (A Black Feminist Statement, 1986), Xxxxx Xxxxx (Sister Outsider, 1984), and xxxx xxxxx (Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center, 1984). Thes...
Chapter Two. LITERATURE REVIEW 19
Chapter Two. The IRI Ideologies and Modernity in Contemporary Iran 1. The Ideologies behind Political Reform 59
Chapter Two. The Ideologies and Modernity in Contemporary Iran
Chapter Two. Buddhist Theoretical Frames The three contemplative programs under analysis in this dissertation, MBSR, CBCT, and ICT, are all informed by and in response to Buddhist contemplative frameworks of understanding. These innateist and constructivist frameworks assume different causes of suffering and thus prescribe distinct practice methods in support of the relief of that suffering. MBSR, CBCT, and ICT interpret and respond to these frameworks in various ways. The first part of this chapter will provide an overview of the “frames of healing” in each of the three programs through an analysis of the ways in which they: (i) define the problem to be addressed by their program and thus implicitly make judgments about what is “good”; (ii) diagnose the causes of this problem; (iii) outline the goals of their program, including who or what one is to become; and (iv) prescribe a remedy or path to realizing these goals. (The structure of these frames of healing parallels the Buddha’s Four Noble Truths including: (i) the truth of suffering; (ii) the truth of the causes of suffering; (iii) the truth of the cessation of or freedom from suffering; and (iv) the truth of the path of liberation or the Eightfold Path.) The second part of this chapter will analyze the ways in which contrasting Buddhist theoretical frames have influenced these modern adaptations. The following chapter examines the various modern cultural conditions, themes, and audiences that further shape the framing of these programs.
Chapter Two. LEGAL INSTRUMENTS GOVERNING THE CHOICE-OF-COURT AGREEMENTS IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL MATTERS IN THE EU The rules on choice-of-court agreements in the civil and commercial matters in the EU are regulated by three significant legal instruments: by the Brussels I(-bis) Regulation, (2007) Lugano Convention and by the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements. This chapter analyses all three legal instruments as to the rule on choice-of-court agreements, on the lis pendens rule in favour of the Member State courts and on the rule on parallel proceedings and the Third State courts in presence of the jurisdiction agreement. Lastly, the interrelationship between all three legal instruments is examined.
