Nitrogen Dioxide, Ozone and Particulate Matter Sample Clauses

Nitrogen Dioxide, Ozone and Particulate Matter. Three major air pollutants were considered in this project; nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM10). NO2 is both a primary and secondary pollutant, that is, it can be directly emitted from sources but mainly can be formed by reactions of primary pollutants and other pollutants (O3). NO2 is an oxidizing, corrosive, xxxxxxx-xxxxx gas with a characteristic pungent odour. It has a low solubility in water (Xxxxx constant = 1.0 x 10-2 M.atm-1), a molar mass of 46.01 gmol−1 and contributes to the colour and odour of smog [3]. The current research investigation was centred around this air pollutant given the toxicological uncertainty that surrounds its health effects [4]. Its actions were compared against those of another gaseous pollutant; O3. This is a secondary pollutant formed in ambient air through a complex set of sunlight initiated reactions of its precursors: primary emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from stationary and mobile sources. O3 is a tri-atomic, pale-blue, highly oxidising gas with a molar mass of 48.00gmol−1. It has a lower solubility than NO2 in water (Xxxxx constant = 1.3 x 10-3 M.atm-1) and its aroma is associated with rain [3]. It should be noted that the adverse health effects of O3 are associated with tropospheric O3, as this reaches the ground, while stratospheric O3 has a protective role (absorbs harmful UV radiation) and a different formation mechanism (photolysis of O2). PM10 is the third air pollutant that was considered, this is a complex mixture of chemical components (fine solids and/or liquids) with composition dependent on location and emission sources. Further information about the formation mechanisms of the aforementioned pollutants is presented in 1.1.1.
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