Urbanicity and social disadvantage Sample Clauses

Urbanicity and social disadvantage. Incidence of psychosis is particularly higher in urban areas compared to rural (Vassos, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, & Xxxxx, 2012); one possibility is that living in or near to green space during childhood might have a protective effect on the risk to develop a psychotic disorder later on (Xxxxxxxx et al., 2018). Xxxxxxx et al. (Xxxxxxx et al., 2018) calculated incidence rates in the multi-national EU-GEI study, confirming higher incidence in Northern European cities including London, Amsterdam, and Paris compared to Southern European areas. The effect of urbanicity might be better explained by other factors, which are more common in high populated areas. Social inequality and exclusion, which are more likely to be experienced in large cities, have been frequently reported as linked to psychosis onset (Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxx, & Xxxxxxxxxx, 2001; Xxxxxx et al., 2008). Although social disadvantage could be a consequence of the illness onset instead of a cause, studies on first-episode psychosis found that patients, even up to 5 years prior to the onset, are more likely to live alone, be single and unemployed; live in a rented accommodation, in overcrowded conditions; and receive an income below official poverty threshold (X. X. Xxxxx et al., 2017).