Temperamental factors Sample Clauses

Temperamental factors. A growing literature suggests that personality traits or temperamental factors may be risk factors for anxiety disorders and may also serve as endophenotype markers. Behavioural inhibition (BI) (a temperamental style of behaviour characterised by high levels of restraint, withdrawal, avoidance of novelty and increased physiological reactivity when confronted with unfamiliarity or potential threat) has been consistently identified as a general risk factor for the development of anxiety (Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxx 1998). In relation to OCD specifically Coles, Xxxxxxxxx et al. (2006) found that retrospective reports of behavioural inhibition significantly predicted levels of OCD symptoms in adulthood and that the strength of association between BI and OCD is of a similar magnitude to that of BI and social anxiety. In addition to BI a number of other temperamental factors have been associated with anxiety disorders including OCD such as perfectionism and neuroticism (Hur 2009). Higher rates of neuroticism have been found in relatives of OCD probands compared to control relatives (Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx et al. 2000). However, neuroticism is also associated with a range of other psychiatric disorders suggesting poor specificity. Perfectionism has been specifically associated with OCD (Chik, Xxxxxxx et al. 2008; Xxx, Xxxxx et al. 2009) across many theoretical perspectives for over a century. Some cognitive theorists have suggested perfectionism leads to many core beliefs and assumptions specific to OCD (Freeston and Xxxxxxxxx 1997) and it has been identified as one of six major domains of obsessional beliefs by the Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (1997). Perfectionism is also a personality trait associated with OCD severity (Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxx et al. 2011) and is associated with certain OCD symptoms more than others such as need for symmetry (Wheaton, Xxxxxxxxxx et al. 2010). Perfectionism also links to other OCD cognitive factors such that doubts about actions have been conceptualized as a component of perfectionism and it is has also been linked to tolerance for uncertainty. Perfectionism has been found to be elevated in family members of OCD patients compared to controls and other psychiatric groups (Allsopp and Verduyn 1990), and found to characterise family members of OCD sufferers (Xxxxx and Xxxxxx 1985). Perfectionism is also a trait that has been linked specifically to parenting and the development of anxiety although findings have been mixed (Frost and ...
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