POTENTIAL FOR INCREASED INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND REGULATION Sample Clauses

POTENTIAL FOR INCREASED INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND REGULATION. The current, largely unilateral and defensive measures relied upon to provide cyber security in the U.S. (and elsewhere) are widely viewed as insufficient to ensure an adequate level of safety.27 It may be possible, as CSIS and others have recommended, to provide adequate protection for certain, critical national security activities by isolating them from the Internet and other outside interventions. For most, current functions, however, some aspects of the principal security deficiencies identified can only be remedied or reduced through increased and more effective international cooperation. The first recommendation for a multilateral treaty to deal with cybersecurity was published by Stanford University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation in 2000. That draft proposed creating an international agency with regulatory authority similar to that of established specialized 26The measures listed in ITU reports include assistance to states in developing national cybersecurity strategies; the “ITU Toolkit for Cybercrime Legislation” and its study “Understanding Cybercrime”; several technology and security standards issued by ITU Study Group 17, which it calls “the lead study group on telecommunications security and identity management,” a status the ITU notes was “confirmed by the ITU-T World Telecommunication Standardization Assemblies (WTSA) in 2000, 2004 and 2008, in close collaboration with ISO/IEC, as a tripartite joint action.” In addition to numerous specific cyber-related standards that the ITU-T has issued (including for example its H.235.x series of recommendations for security infrastructure and service including authentication and privacy) is what it calls its ICT Security Standards Roadmap, which it states “promotes the development of security standards by highlighting existing standards, current work and future standards among key standards development organizations.” See generally the ITU’s GCA brochure and extensive materials available at xxxx://xxx.xxx.xxx/osg/csd/cyber security/gca/ (accessed July 23, 2010). 27The NRC “Cyberattack” report (39-40) notes that cyberattack capabilities are relatively inexpensive and increasingly avail- able to both governments and non-state actors, and notes the inherent weaknesses of passive cyberdefense, “exploitable vulner- abilities will continue to be present in both civilian and military computer systems and networks of the United States. Thus, the U.S. information infrastructure is likely to ...