Integrated Solid Waste Management System Fundamentals. Prior to the discussion of options related to waste recycling, energy recovery, and disposal, several fundamental concepts concerning solid waste management must first be discussed. One step essential to developing an ISWM system (and associated goals with respect to waste reduction and landfill diversion) is understanding the waste stream in terms of waste composition and generation rate (waste characterization). An element of ISWM planning neglected in many cases is the promotion of waste reduction. Another critical feature of solid waste management infrastructure is the system for collecting discarded materials from their point of origin and transporting them to the appropriate facility. These three aspects are described further in this section. The ISWM system may contain provisions for solid waste infrastructure funding by an assessment of impact fees on development (e.g., hotels, military installations) expected to cause or actively causing increased burdens on such infrastructure. In CNMI planned development includes hotels and casinos on Saipan (after the legislature passed a casino bill in early 2015) and potential military training facilities to be constructed on Tinian (Xxxxx 2015, NAVFAC 2015). Waste generated on Saipan and Tinian is expected to be taken to the Marpi landfill on Saipan (NAVFAC 2015). Waste quantities deposited in the Marpi landfill increased by 29.7% from 2012 to 2014, increasing the burden on the landfill’s operation. Xxxxxx-Xxxxx et al. (2011) estimated that the tipping fee for the Marpi landfill would need to be increased to cover the real costs of landfill operation, as current tip fees charged are insufficient to do so.
