Computation Cost Sample Clauses

Computation Cost. The symbols tsym, th, tpm, tpa, and tbp represent the computing time required to implement one symmetric encryption or decryption, one general hash function operation, one point multiplication operation on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), one point addition operation on ECC, and one bilinear pairing operation, respectively. In the mutual authentication phase and the group key generation phase of our protocol, each GN needs to perform n + 7 point multiplication operations on ECC, 4 bilinear pairing operations, n + 3 hash operations, 2 symmetric encryption or decryption operations, and n + 1 point addition operations on ECC, where n is the number of GN. In other words, the total computation cost of each GN is (n + 7)tpm + 4tbp + (n + 3)th + 2tsym + (n + 1)tpa.
Sample 1
AutoNDA by SimpleDocs
Computation Cost. We show the comparison outcomes in Table 3. Our proposed protocol is lightweight as compared to other related protocols. Therefore, we can demonstrate that the proposed protocol is suitable for vehicular cloud environment in VANETs. Table 3. Computation cost of key generation and message confirmation phase. Protocols Computational Complexity Total Cost Xxxxxxxx et al. [13] Tbpsm + 3Tbp + TMPH 18.748 xx Xxxxx et al. [16] 5Tsem+3Th+Tea 0.0711 xx Xxxxxxxxx et al. [4] 4Th+2Tsem 0.0280 ms Ours 22Th 0.0022 ms XOR operation is negligible as compared to other operations. For comparing the computational cost, we define following notations. Tbp, Tbpsm, TMPH, Th, Tsem and Tea, which denotes the execution time of bilinear mapping, multiplication related to bilinear pairing, map-To-point hash, one-way hash, small scale multiplication related to elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), and addition related to ECC. We focus on time overhead in the process of authentication message generation and message verification. For rough estimation, we consider the existing results reported by [34]. The execution time of each operation is as following. • Tbp: Time for bilinear pairing operation (≈4.2110 ms)
Sample 1
Computation Cost. To analyze the computation costs of the four schemes, we use a few uniform basic cryptographic operations. The run time of the operations used in this analysis include the following:
Sample 1
Computation Cost. The computation cost in Table 3.2, the serial number of modular exponentiations for STR is O(n). Otherwise the serial number of braid permutations for braid groups on GDH protocol is O(n). For TBG, the serial number of braid permutations is O(n) in leave, merge and partition protocol, except join protocol is constant permutations of braid groups. TBG and Braid groups on GDH reduce the exponential computation in Xxxxxx-Xxxxxxx to linear computation by using braid groups. Table 3.1 Communication Cost of TBG Protocol Unicast Broadcast Protocol Operation Rounds Message Message Message Join 2 2 1 1 STR Leave Merge 1 2 1 3 0 2 1 1 Partition 1 1 0 1 Join 2 2 1 1 Braid groups Leave 1 1 0 1 Table 3.2 Computation Cost of TBG Protocol Protocol Operation Exponentiations Permutation Join 2 0 Leave 3n/2 + 2 0 STR Merge 2m 0 Partition 3n/2 + 2 0 Join 0 n+3 Braid groups Leave 0 n-1 on GDH Merge 0 n+2m+1 Partition 0 n-p Join 0 n TBG Leave Merge 0 0 n-1 n+m Partition 0 n-p CHAPTER 4‌ AUTHENTICATED GROUP KEY AGREEMENT USING TREE-BASED BRAID GROUPS This protocol uses public and authentic channel, it means that everyone, both the member and the adversary, can read the messages. Man-in-the-middle attack works on TBG protocol in chapter 3. The authenticated process can resistant to them. Public key infrastructure (PKI) will be used if it exists. However, unlike in traditional networks, no present PKI can be assumed in ad hoc networks. Therefore the authenticated group key agreement on MANET using tree-based braid groups is introduced in this chapter for solving the man-in-the-middle attack. The notations in this protocol are denoted as follows: n m i ,r, d Mi M* si xi Pi h T T*K[h, v] BK[h, v] [h, v] number of protocol participants (group members) number of merging members indices of group members ith group member; i ∈ {1, 2, · · · , n} all group members session random key of Mi from subgroups (Bg ) of Bgi long term private key of Mi long term public key of Mi height of tree key tree tree after membership operation secret key at [h, v] node blinded key at [h, v] node vth node at level h in a tree The initial assumption of authentication scheme is explained as follows. Mi’s long-term private key xi ∈ B Mi’s long-term public key i Pi = xi x-1 where α ∈ Bg is a published braid what be a sufficiently complicated braid. i
Sample 1
Computation Cost. We compare the computation cost by evaluating the overall execution time (in milliseconds) required by the cryptographic operations performed in Tian et al.’s protocol [15] and in the proposed scheme (since both of these schemes are based on MEC-enabled scenarios). The basic cryptographic operations used for computing the execution time are hash operation, si- multaneous exponentiation operation, modular multiplication, modular addition, and PUF operation, and the expected time to execute them are denoted by Et , Et , Et , Et , and Et , Figure 3. Authentication time as a function of the number of UAVs. 128 bits, where the maximum value of n is chosen to be 5. In that case, the storage cost of the proposed scheme at an UAV p is only 96 bytes, which is significantly lower than than of [15].
Sample 1
Computation Cost. In this subsection, we analyze the computation cost of our protocol. For convenience, we define some execution time notations as follows. ⚫ 𝑇𝑒𝑥𝑝: The execution time of exponential operations in multiplicative cyclic group. 𝑔𝑝𝑢𝑏 𝑟 = 𝐴𝐼𝐷𝑖1 𝑥 = 𝑔𝑥𝑟. The random number r and the ⚫ 𝑇ℎ𝑡𝑝: The execution time of a hash-to-point operation. ⚫ 𝑇ℎ: The execution time of an ordinary hash operation. master private key �� are held by the user and the cloud server respectively, so that the adversary cannot calculate the real identity according to the anonymous identity of the user.
Sample 1
Computation Cost. We compare the computation cost by evaluating the overall execution time (in milliseconds) required by the cryptographic operations performed in Tian et al.’s protocol [15] and in the proposed scheme (since both of these schemes are based on MEC-enabled scenarios). The basic cryptographic operations used for computing the execution time are hash operation, si- multaneous exponentiation operation, modular multiplication, modular addition, and PUF operation, and the expected time to execute them are denoted by Eth , Etse , Etm , Eta , and Etp , respectively. All the cryptographic operations (corresponding to Et , Et , Et , Et , and Et ) used on the UAV side Figure 3. Authentication time as a function of the number of UAVs. Thus, we can conclude that the proposed protocol is efficient h m se a p are implemented on a ATMel ATMega2560 machine with a MSP430 micro-controller , while the operations used at server side (USP) are implemented on a desktop computer with Intel Core i7 processor with 16 GB RAM. For evaluating the execution time of these crypto-operations, we utilized the Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) library. We consider SHA- 256 for hash operation, and for PUF operation, we consider a 128-bit arbiter PUF circuit. The PUF operation is conducted on the ATMel ATMega2560 machine. The values of Eth , Etm , Etse , and Eta at the USP are 0.029 ms, 13.7 ms, 4.26 ms, and
Sample 1
AutoNDA by SimpleDocs

Related to Computation Cost

  • INTEREST CALCULATION COSTS 10.1 As set forth in 31 CFR 205.27, interest calculation costs are defined as those costs necessary for the actual calculation of interest, including the cost of developing and maintaining clearance patterns in support of the interest calculations. Interest calculation costs do not include expenses for normal disbursing services, such as processing of checks or maintaining records for accounting and reconciliation of cash balances, or expenses for upgrading or modernizing accounting systems. Interest calculation costs in excess of $50,000 in any year are not eligible for reimbursement, unless the State provides justification with the annual report.

  • Construction Cost 3.1. Construction Cost does not include the fees of the ARCHITECT/ENGINEER and consultants, the cost of the land, rights- of-way, or other costs, which is the responsibility of the State as provided in Paragraphs 2.2 through 2.3. or any of the contingencies available for the project unless specifically stated otherwise.

  • Interest Expense Coverage Ratio The Borrower will not permit the ratio of (i) Consolidated EBITDA to (ii) Consolidated Cash Interest Expense for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters to be less than 3.75 to 1.00.

  • Computation Period Interest on the Loans and all other amounts payable by Borrower hereunder on a per annum basis shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year and the actual number of days elapsed (including the first day but excluding the last day) unless such calculation would result in a usurious rate, in which case interest shall be calculated on the basis of a 365-day year or 366-day year, as the case may be. In computing the number of days during which interest accrues, the day on which funds are initially advanced shall be included regardless of the time of day such advance is made, and the day on which funds are repaid shall be included unless repayment is credited prior to the close of business on the Business Day received. Each determination by Administrative Agent of an interest rate or fee hereunder shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error.

  • Computation of Overtime In computing overtime a period of thirty (30) minutes or less shall be counted as one-half (½) hour and a period of more than thirty (30) minutes but less than sixty (60) minutes shall be counted as one (1) hour.

  • COMPUTATION OF BACK WAGES No claim for back wages shall exceed the amount of wages the employee would otherwise have earned at the employee's regular rate less:

  • Limit on Operating Expenses The Advisor hereby agrees to limit the Fund’s current Operating Expenses to an annual rate, expressed as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets for the month, to the amounts listed in Appendix A (the “Annual Limit”). In the event that the current Operating Expenses of the Fund, as accrued each month, exceed its Annual Limit, the Advisor will pay to the Fund, on a monthly basis, the excess expense within the first ten days of the month following the month in which such Operating Expenses were incurred (each payment, a “Fund Reimbursement Payment”).

  • Interest Computation In computing interest on the Obligations, all checks, wire transfers and other items of payment received by Silicon (including proceeds of Receivables and payment of the Obligations in full) shall be deemed applied by Silicon on account of the Obligations three Business Days after receipt by Silicon of immediately available funds, and, for purposes of the foregoing, any such funds received after 12:00 Noon on any day shall be deemed received on the next Business Day. Silicon shall not, however, be required to credit Borrower's account for the amount of any item of payment which is unsatisfactory to Silicon in its sole discretion, and Silicon may charge Borrower's loan account for the amount of any item of payment which is returned to Silicon unpaid.

  • Construction Costs Under no circumstances shall the Consultant be liable for extra costs or other consequences due to unknown conditions or related to the failure of contractors to perform work in accordance with the plans and specifications. Consultant shall have no liability whatsoever for any costs arising out of the Client’s decision to obtain bids or proceed with construction before the Consultant has issued final, fully-approved plans and specifications. The Client acknowledges that all preliminary plans are subject to substantial revision until plans are fully approved and all permits obtained.

  • Overtime Computation Computation of overtime will be rounded upward to the nearest one-tenth (1/10th) of an hour.

Time is Money Join Law Insider Premium to draft better contracts faster.