Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS technologies: information on technologies and measures to be taken to capture GHG emissions associated with Petroleum Operations;
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS. The fourth lever consists of capturing the emissions from a cement kiln, and then securing and storing it. CCS is particularly attractive for cement producers, as the process emissions from heating limestone to produce clinker cannot be avoided by simply switching fuels and improving energy efficiency. Even with large-scale substitution of Portland clinker, emissions from the portion of clinker that would still be produced would continue to present a challenge. CCS accounts for 56% of the planned direct emissions reduction to 2050, compared with 10% for clinker substitution, 24% for alternative fuels and 10% for energy efficiency, the cement industry has engaged in several projects to develop CCS, however, as in other sectors, development has been slow and there are still many barriers which are technological, political, regulatory and public acceptance. One of the main barriers so far has been cost, several countries also lack an adequate legal framework for CO2 storage and there are currently only two cross-country large- scale storage projects in EU. Finally, the lack of geographic clustering and economy of scale is a problem: most cement plants are too small to justify by themselves the construction of the necessary distribution infrastructure for captured CO2. 29xxxxx://xxxxxx.xxx/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/11.-Cement-and-Concrete-in-a-Low-Carbon-Economy-Chief- Executive-Koen-Coppenholle-CEMBUREAU-%E2%80%93-The-European-Cement-Association.pdf These levers – excluding CCS – have delivered an 18% reduction in the global average CO2 intensity of cement production since 1990. Until 2050 a total reduction of 32% with respect to 1990 is expected, while with innovative technologies such as Carbon capture, Carbon re-use, Clinker substitution/Lower Carbon Cements, New binders/ Novel Cements, Product durability, emission reductions of up to 80% could be possible. Figure 23. Percentage of alternative fuels30 Figure 24. 2050 perspectives through different technologies adoption.30 Case-study: Figure 25Figure 23 shows the emission intensity among major cement manufacturers. Lafarge- Holcim, as leads with higher productions and lower emissions. Among the reasons there is an innovative binder, developed in cooperation with Solidia Technologies,31,32 a cement and concrete technology company offering patented processes that ease production, reduce costs, and improve performance of cement and concrete, while reducing the carbon footprint of concrete up to 70% and water...
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS. CO₂ streams can be captured and stored. The process involves retrofitting steel plants with capture technology and requires the development of transportation networks and access to storage sites.
