Carbon Capture and Storage. (CCS) technologies: information on technologies and measures to be taken to capture GHG emissions associated with Petroleum Operations;
Carbon Capture and Storage. 2.4 The Governments will support lower emissions, including:
Carbon Capture and Storage is the process of capturing, transporting and permanent storing of carbon dioxide to prevent it for entering the atmosphere, and will hereafter also be referred to as ‘CCS’;
Carbon Capture and Storage. (CCS) CCS is the highest-profile technology that could reduce CO2 emissions in steel-making. Given the large amounts of CO2 emitted from blast furnaces – thought to emit 75% of emissions across the entire BF/BOF method – this part of the process has been focused on as the most cost-efficient application of the technology. CCS could also be used to capture the carbon emitted by the gas or coal burnt in the DRI method. The IEA do not discuss the technical challenges to be overcome in the development of CCS itself, rather focusing on how it might be applied to steel-making process – these revolve around creating a process would give off CO2 in a form that is easy to capture. Potential ways of doing this that are appropriate to steel-making include: Injecting oxygen into blast furnaces could generate a pure CO2 off-gas that could be removed from the ‘flue’, the chimney at the top of the furnace. The IEA report that this method could reduce CO2 emissions from the ‘core processes’ by 85–95%, which, assuming a ‘core process’ footprint equal to 70% of total emissions, would amount to around 59–66% of total emissions. Attempts are ongoing to demonstrate this on an industrial scale between 2015 and 2020. The CO2 and carbon-monoxide-rich waste gases currently emitted from blast furnaces could be collected and reformed. No estimates are given of how much CO2 this could reduce. The IEA report that this method is currently being researched in Japan, Korea and China. Entirely new steel-making methods – such as FINEX and HIsmelt, described below – could automatically separate CO2 as part of the basic process. It is estimated that such technologies could capture between 56–70% of the CO2 emitted by the entire steelmaking process. The IEA report that CCS in blast furnaces is currently estimated to come at a cost of around US$ 40 –60 per tonne of CO2 , accounting for capture, transportation and storage. By contrast, it is thought that using CCS with gas-based DRI would cost US$ 25 per tonne of CO2.
Carbon Capture and Storage. Programme: Carbon Capture and Storage Objective: Mitigate Climate Change Expected outcomes: CO2 captured and safely stored Increased knowledge and transnational cooperation on CCS Programme grant: € 40,000,000 Programme Operator: The Ministry of Economy, Commerce and Business Environment, General Directorate for Planning and Economic Development – Environmental Protection Unit Donor programme partner: Gassnova (GN) Pre-defined project: Support to the Getica CCS Demo Project accompanied by awareness raising on CCS. Specific concern: Support will depend on securing the total funding for the project.
