BIOCORE biorefinery Sample Clauses

BIOCORE biorefinery. In BIOCORE, a big variety of options were studied how to convert lignocellulosic biomass into biomaterials and biofuels with help of the Organosolv process. The list of products, which were studied on various levels of detail, such as further polymer precursors, food addi- tives, complexing agents etc., are listed in Table 9-2. The levels of detail ranged from litera- ture research on potential use options and lab scale experiments on individual conversion steps to pilot scale testing of the most promising processes and manufacturing of product samples for communication with potential customers. The most promising products were selected for manufacturing on pilot scale (underlined in Table 4-1). Detailed models of how potential biorefineries can look like on industrial scale were designed covering all pilot scale products. The models include Aspen flow sheets and energy integration of all steps from bi- omass fractionation to product purification /Mountraki et al. 2012/, /Xxxxxxxx et al. 2012/ and are the basis for the detailed sustainability assessment. The first step of the biomass conversion in BIOCORE (Fig. 9-3) is the biomass pretreatment consisting of comminution and if necessary drying (see /Xxxxxxxxxx-Xxxxxx et al. 2011/ for more details). Straw is dry enough already so that the drying step can be omitted. All co- products like straw fines and dust from wood chipping are combusted for energy generation. The next step, the Organosolv process, solubilises biomass using organic acids (hence the name) and fractionates it into lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. After their separation, pol- ymeric sugars present in hemicellulose and cellulose are hydrolysed and purified if neces- sary. The resulting biomass fractions for standard applications are C5 (five carbon sugars from hemicellulose), C6 (six carbon sugars from cellulose) and lignin. The last step within the biorefinery is the processing of these biomass fractions mainly by biochemical steps (e.g. fermentation) but also by some thermochemical steps. Table 9-2 Products studied within BIOCORE C5 fraction C6 fraction Lignin fraction 1,2,4-butanetriol 2,5-FDCA ester Activated carbon
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