Specifying Fault Tolerance Sample Clauses

Specifying Fault Tolerance. The objective of Task 8.1 is to develop methods for deriving specifications of resilient systems, starting from informal requirements that are generally expressed in natural language. This original set of requirements is generally elicited from users, customers or other stakeholders. Its informality is both a strength and a weakness. It is a strength because it facilitates flexible communication between stakeholders; but it is also a weakness because con- sistency and redundancy checking are labour-intensive and error prone, for example. Also, it does not support easy verification that the final system is really a reflection of what was elicited in the early stages – identifying this sort of problem at later stages is indeed much more costly. This has always been true, even for “normal” desktop applications but it is even more im- portant when resilience is an issue and applications are “critical” (real time applications, or applications involving human or animal lives). The path from informal to formal specification (passing through “semi-formal” like UML or Problem Frames) is difficult enough in itself. It is even more challenging when fault tolerance and thus degraded behaviour modes have to be taken into account. Methods developed by Task 8.1 should therefore ideally sup- port each stage from requirements elicitation to assumption identification and from degraded behaviour layering to a final specification. Progress has been made both on methodology and on its application to case studies. Methodological issues are presented in [Maz09b]. In [Maz09a] the specification of a simple train system is exploited as a case study to show the progress made on the method side. The process from informal/semi- formal to formal, and the structuring of specifications for expressing abnor- mal/degraded behaviours has been investigated from different points of view and following alternative approaches. An overview of the problems (many still open) encountered using Problem Frames for semi-formal specifications can be found in [Xxx00x]. The work done in [DM09] approached a different case study taken from Business Process Modelling to identify key issues in specifying fault tolerance and disambiguating informal specifications. The domain is very specific, but the conclusions have a wider applicability. The problem of requirements and the use of formalisms for their disambiguation has been also discussed in [MB10]. Work in Task 8.1 has proceeded in close collaboration with Bo...
AutoNDA by SimpleDocs

Related to Specifying Fault Tolerance

  • PRICING OF After Hours Coefficient What is your after hours coefficient for the RS Means Price Book for work performed after normal working hours? Remember that this is a ceiling price proposed. You can discount to any TIPS Member customer a lower coefficient than your proposed contract coefficient, but not higher. This is one of three pricing questions that are required for consideration for award on this solicitation. Please consider your answer carefully. An explanation of the TIPS scoring of pricing titled "Pricing Coefficient Instruction" is included in the attachments for your information. The below is an EXAMPLE of how the pricing model works (It is not intended to influence your proposed coefficient, you should propose a coefficient that you determine is reasonable for your business for the life of the contract): The most common after hours coefficient is time and a half of the RS Means Unit Price Book prices. To illustrate this coefficient, if your regular hours coefficient is .95, your after hours coefficient would be 1.45.

  • JOC - PRICING OF After Hours Coefficient What is your after hours coefficient for the RS Means Price Book for work performed after normal working hours? (FAILURE TO RESPOND PROHIBITS PART 2 JOC EVALUATION) Remember that this is a ceiling price proposed. You can discount to any TIPS Member customer a lower coefficient than your proposed contract coefficient, but not higher. This is one of three pricing questions that are required for consideration for award on this solicitation. Please consider your answer carefully. An explanation of the TIPS scoring of pricing titled "Pricing Coefficient Instruction" is included in the attachments for your information. The below is an EXAMPLE of how the pricing model works (It is not intended to influence your proposed coefficient, you should propose a coefficient that you determine is reasonable for your business for the life of the contract): The most common after hours coefficient is time and a half of the RS Means Unit Price Book prices. To illustrate this coefficient, if your regular hours coefficient is .95, your after hours coefficient would be 1.45.

  • Rates Applicable After Default Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 2.9 or 2.10, during the continuance of a Default or Unmatured Default the Required Lenders may, at their option, by notice to the Borrower (which notice may be revoked at the option of the Required Lenders notwithstanding any provision of Section 8.2 requiring consent of affected Lenders to changes in interest rates), declare that no Advance may be made as, converted into or continued as a LIBOR Rate Advance. During the continuance of a Default the Required Lenders may, at their option, by notice to the Borrower (which notice may be revoked at the option of the Required Lenders notwithstanding any provision of Section 8.2 requiring consent of affected Lenders to changes in interest rates), declare that (i) each LIBOR Rate Advance shall bear interest for the remainder of the applicable Interest Period at the LIBOR Rate otherwise applicable to such LIBOR Rate Advance for such Interest Period plus 4% per annum and (ii) each Floating Rate Advance shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Floating Rate otherwise applicable to the Floating Rate Advance plus 4% per annum; provided, however, that the Default Rate shall become applicable automatically if a Default occurs under Section 7.1 or 7.2, unless waived by the Required Lenders.

  • Warranty Period Except as may be otherwise specified or agreed, Contractor shall repair all defects in materials, equipment, or workmanship appearing within one year from the date of Substantial Completion of the Work. If Substantial Completion occurs by phase, then the warranty period for that the Work performed for each phase begins on the date of Substantial Completion of that phase, or as otherwise stipulated on the Certificate of Substantial Completion for the particular phase.

  • Benchmark Unavailability Period Upon the Borrower’s receipt of notice of the commencement of a Benchmark Unavailability Period, the Borrower may revoke any pending request for a SOFR Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of SOFR Loans to be made, converted or continued during any Benchmark Unavailability Period and, failing that, the Borrower will be deemed to have converted any such request into a request for a Borrowing of or conversion to Base Rate Loans. During a Benchmark Unavailability Period or at any time that a tenor for the then-current Benchmark is not an Available Tenor, the component of Base Rate based upon the then-current Benchmark or such tenor for such Benchmark, as applicable, will not be used in any determination of Base Rate.

  • TEACHING HOURS AND TEACHING LOAD A. As professionals, teachers are expected to devote to their assignments the time necessary to meet their responsibilities, but they shall not be required to “clock in or clock out” by hours and minutes. Teachers shall indicate their presence for duty by placing their signature and time in the proper column of the faculty “sign-in” roster.

  • RE-WEIGHING PRODUCT Deliveries are subject to re- weighing at the point of destination by the Authorized User. If shrinkage occurs which exceeds that normally allowable in the trade, the Authorized User shall have the option to require delivery of the difference in quantity or to reduce the payment accordingly. Such option shall be exercised in writing by the Authorized User.

  • Xxxxxxxxx, Suspension, Ineligibility and Voluntary Exclusion By executing Counterpart (1) the Bidder affirms that it is in compliance with the requirements of 2 C.F.R. Part 180 and that neither it, its principals, nor its subcontractors are presently debarred, suspended, proposed for debarment, declared ineligible, or voluntarily excluded from participation in this transaction by any Federal department or agency. (COMPANY NAME) BY: (Authorized Signatory (Name) (Title) DATE: NOTICES: (Address) (Address) (City, State Zip) (Phone) (Email)

  • Longer/Shorter Length of Coverage If none of the above rules determine the order of benefits, the benefits of the plan that covered a member or subscriber longer are determined before those of the plan that covered that person for the shorter term.

  • TEACHING CONDITIONS The parties recognize that the availability of optimum school facilities for both student and teacher is desirable to insure the high quality of education that is the goal of both the teacher and the Board. It is also acknowledged that the primary duty and responsibility of the teacher is to teach and that the organization of the school and the school day should be directed at insuring that the energy of the teacher is primarily utilized to this end.

Time is Money Join Law Insider Premium to draft better contracts faster.