Parasitic diseases Sample Clauses

Parasitic diseases. Protozoan infections and external macroparasitism are unknown in Black Sea bottlenose dolphins. The internal macroparasites of Black Sea T. truncatus are represented by six species of helminths belonging to the flukes (Trematoda; three species), tapeworms (Cestoda; one species) and roundworms (Nematoda; two species) (Table 7). The life circles are not investigated for all of them. Table 7 – Helminths of Black Sea bottlenose dolphins Parasites References (first publications) Trematodes Braunina cordiformis Xxxxxxxx et al. (1963) Synthesium tursionis Delamure and Xxxxxxxxx (1966) Pholeter gastrophilus Xxxxxx et al. (1992); Krivokhizhin (1992) Cestodes Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum Delamure (1945, 1971) Nematodes Stenurus ovatus Delamure (1945) Crassicauda sp. (C. grampicola?) Xxxxxx et al. (1992); Xxxxxxxxxxxx (1992) Flukes Braunina cordiformis and Synthesium tursionis were recorded in gastrointestinal tract; all infrequent findings of these parasites belong to the 1950s-1960s (Delamure et al., 1963; Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxx, 1966). Their role in dolphin mortality remains unclear. Stomach fluke Pholeter gastrophilus, a causative agent of chronic deforming gastritis (pholeterosis), have been first reported in Black Sea T. truncatus in the early 1990s (Xxxxxx et al., 1992; Krivokhizhin, 1992). The extensiveness of this invasion came to 63% in stranded bottlenose dolphins (Krivokhizhin, 2000). In cases with pronounced sclerotic, necrotic and granulomatous lesions in gastric wall, the pholeterosis can be complicated by pyloric stenosis and, presumably, by gastric bleeding and perforation which may lead to animals death. The intestinal invasion, caused by tapeworm Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum (diphyllobothriosis), is characterized by relatively low extensiveness (13% of stranded bottlenose dolphins are infected) (Krivokhizhin, 2000) and low to moderate intensity (1-14 worms per host) (S.V. Krivokhizhin, pers. comm.). A death, admittedly, may be caused by obstructive intestinal impassability (ileus, volvulus) due to the bundling of twisted helminths in gut’s lumen. The nematode Stenurus ovatus is known for a long time as a lung parasite of Black Sea bottlenose dolphins (Delamure, 1945), but any indices of the extent of this invasion and any opinion on its role in cetacean morbidity were not published before the 1990s (Krivokhizhin, 1997). Delamure (1955) recorded S. ovatus in a blowhole, bronchi and blood vessels. Among eight stranded animals, examined in 1989-...
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Related to Parasitic diseases

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  • Communicable Diseases (a) The Parties to this Agreement share a desire to prevent acquisition and transmission where employees may come into contact with a person and/or possessions of a person with a communicable disease.

  • Infectious Diseases The Employer and the Union desire to arrest the spread of infectious diseases in the nursing home. To achieve this objective, the Joint Health and Safety Committee may review and offer input into infection control programs and protocols including surveillance, outbreak control, isolation, precautions, worker education and training, and personal protective equipment. The Employer will provide training and ongoing education in communicable disease recognition, use of personal protective equipment, decontamination of equipment, and disposal of hazardous waste.

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