Less Deference to National Security as a Government Interest Sample Clauses

Less Deference to National Security as a Government Interest. When it comes to national security, cases before American courts often experience “national security exceptionalism.”126 In 1936, Justice Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx quoted Xxxx Xxxxxxxx’x statement that “[t]he President is the sole organ of the nation in its external relations, and its sole representative with foreign nations.”127 This language has contributed to the development of the President’s “independent and unchecked…foreign affairs power.”128 Accordingly, it is not surprising that courts regularly defer to the Executive Branch in matters regarding foreign relations.129 Article II of the U.S. Constitution assigns the President the title of “Commander in 125 See Xxxxx X. Xxxx, Opinion, When it Comes to Protecting its Citizens’ Data, Europe is Way Ahead Of The U.S., L.A. Times (May 12, 2014, 6:54 PM), xxxx://xxx.xxxxxxx.xxx/opinion/op-ed/la- oe-rule-nsa-privacy-european-union-20140513-story.html. 126 This note borrows the term from Professors Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxx Xxxxxx to neatly refer to the rationale that “all national security cases as a group should be subject to different analysis than cases not related to national security…[because] courts should defer to the executive branch because the courts lack expertise in the field of national security, or because national security issues are uniquely important.” Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxxxx Xxxxxx, National Security Exceptionalism and the Travel Ban Litigation, LAWFARE (Oct. 12, 2017, 3:00PM), xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/national- security-exceptionalism-and-travel-ban-litigation. 127 U.S. x. Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxx Exp. Corp., 299 U.S. 394, 318 (1936). 128 Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx Xx., Understanding Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxx, 31 L. & HIST. REV. 653, 653 (2013). See Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxx, 299 U.S. at 319-20 (stating that the “authority vested in the President by an exertion of legislative power…plus the very delicate, plenary and exclusive power… as the sole organ of the federal government in the field of international relations” entitles the President to deference). See also generally Xxxxx Xxxxxx, The Staying Power of Erroneous Dicta: From Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxx to Zivotofsky, 19 CONST. COMMENT. 149 (2016) (arguing that the Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxx court’s “sole organ” language has been misunderstood and misapplied to impermissibly enlarged the president’s power over external affairs). 129 Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx, Chevron Deference and Foreign Affairs, 86 VA. L. REV. 649, 659 (2000); see also Dep’t of Navy x. Xxxx, 484 U.S. 518, 530 (1988) (“[U]nless Congress spec...
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