In vitro Clause Samples

In vitro. In vitro tooth wear models are carried out in the laboratory with no patient contact or involvement. They can involve techniques that solely mimic the earliest stages of erosive demineralisation (in which surface changes including softening occur without loss of bulk tissue) and techniques which involve bulk tissue loss (in which acids initiate surface softening followed by a mechanical process which removes the vulnerably softened tissue). The later model aims to mimic the clinical situation where the outcome is loss of enamel and dentine usually due to a multifactorial tooth wear process. In order to further simulate a process of alternate demineralisation and remineralisation a cyclic design may be employed to simulate tooth wear causing tissue loss. a. Choice of substrate: Most commonly either bovine or human enamel or dentine was investigated in the studies, however previous workers have also used hydroxyapatite blocks (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2003c). Although most studies seem to prefer to use human tissues, the use of human tissues for research requires donation and use in line with the UK law of the Human Tissue Act 2004 (Good Clinical Practice and Current Regulations, 2010). Studies which have compared bovine substrates with human substrates have found that the bovine substrate reacts in a similar fashion to human substrates (▇▇▇▇ et al., 2008). Therefore due to it being easier to acquire and suitable for most purposes, results from studies using bovine substrate can be considered equally valid to those using human substrates.