Economic parameters Sample Clauses

Economic parameters. 1. The Contracting Parties shall do everything necessary to achieve the objective set out in Article 33. To this end, they shall take steps to ensure that the carriage of goods by rail and combined transport across Switzerland, including accompanied combined transport, remains competitive, in terms of price and quality of service, with road transport over the same routes, while at the same time honouring guarantees regarding the independence of the railway undertakings.
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Economic parameters. The remaining parameters pertain to the economic cost of water supply and recharge. These include alternative price (p0i), the cost of abstraction (β), and the fixed and variable costs of recharge (c0rs and crs, respectively). Alternative price was determined by assuming water could be treated from lake Geneva using ultrafiltration, which is common in the region. The energy intensity of ul- trafiltration is approximately 0.1 kWh m-3, which itself represents about 30% of overall costs [Xxxx et al., 1998]. This results in water supply costs of 0.067 CHF m-3, assuming a cost of 0.2 CHF kWh-1 for electricity [Federal Electricity Commission ElCom, 2020], which gives a rough approximation of electricity prices in Geneva. This yields a cost of 67,000 CHF MCM-1 for the alternative source. The cost of abstraction was determined as the cost of energy to lift 1 m3 of water by 1 m. The energy to lift groundwater is 9.81 kJ m-3 m-1. Converting to kWh and assuming a pumping efficiency of 60%, this translates to an energy efficiency of 0.0045417 kWh m-3 m-1, or 908.33 CHF MCM-1 m-1. We round up to obtain an abstraction cost of 910 CHF MCM-1 m-1. The cost of recharge was determined via numbers provided by de los Xxxxx [2018], including the unit cost of recharge under two scenarios. In the first scenario with a total recharge rate of 20 MCM, the average unit cost of recharge is 0.07 CHF m-3. In the sec- ond scenario with a total recharge rate of 10 MCM, the average unit cost of recharge is 0.12 CHF m-3. Linear combination of these scenarios yields a fixed cost for the recharge facility of c0rs = 1 × 107 CHF and a variable cost of crs = 2 × 104 CHF MCM-1.
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Related to Economic parameters

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