Beamforming Sample Clauses

Beamforming. In the beginning of a traditional cellular system, each BS has no information about the locations of the receiving terminals in its serving area. Thus, the BS simply radiates the dedicated information signals blindly in all directions within the sector cell depending to its pattern. As a result, the dedicated information signals to the intended receiving terminals would interfere to the other receiving terminals within nearby cells, which are working on the same frequency as co-channel cells is im- plemented. As its spread to areas with no present recipients, energies are wasted. It is consider as an ideal scenario if the BS had perfect knowledge of the ex- act locations of the receiving terminals. However this assumption is overly opti- mistic, with no feasible hardware to make that precision and this configuration is impossible in a practical scenario. Initially, the work that addresses array process- ing of incoming signals has been reported in [46]. Then, more studies in the area of beamforming has been done for space division purposes in mobile communica- tions [47–60]. The authors in [47] were the first to develop an adaptive beamforming technique. Beamforming can create different radiation patterns by using antenna arrays and an adaptive algorithm. The variable patterns created by beamforming technique follow from spatial constructive and destructive interference of the signal wavefront in different directions. A pattern changes when the signal feeding the different an- xxxxx elements is phased. Generally, such procedure steers the main lobe in the plane where the elements are arranged and eventually the nulls are steered as well. By changing each element’s signal amplitude, a large variety of possible patterns can be achieved [61]. A detailed knowledge about a receiving terminal location is needed to develop a proper formation of the beams. Location detection techniques using electronic scanning with antenna arrays have been developed mainly for mili- tary purposes and satellite communications. Lately, this technique has been applied
Sample 1
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